Disorders of the Skeletal System

Question 1

Ankylosing Spondylitis AS

Answer 1

Chronic, systemic, inflammatory condition leading to calcification & fusion of spinal joints (often hip & low back) tissues of eyes, lungs, kidneys & heart may be affected; a progressive inflammatory arthritis

Question 2

Arthritis

Gout, Lyme Disease, Osteoarthiritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 2

Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection inside joint capsule (gonorrhea or staph) & can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis or lupus; sometimes due to dirty needle

Question 3

Avascular Osteonecrosis AVN

Answer 3

Impeded blood supply to bone results in bone tissue & blood vessels disintegrating & never fully replaced; the resulting weakness may lead to fractures, arthritis & joint collapse

Question 4

Bursitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the bursa ( a fluid-filled sack that acts as a cushion between bones)

Question 5

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 5

Symptoms related to compression of median nerve at carpal ligament; involves numbness, paresthesia, & weakness in palmar aspect of thumb, 2nd, 3rd, & radial aspect of 4th digits

Question 6

Chondromalacia Patella

Answer 6

Deterioration of articular cartilage on posterior patella; symptoms include pain & crepitus with forceful extension of the knee

Question 7

Dislocation

Answer 7

Displacement of a bone from its joint & usually involved damage to the joint capsule & surrounding ligaments; signs include deformity of a joint (may be fixed or locked) pain which is worse when move it, or loss of joint function

Question 8

Dupuytren’s Contracture

Answer 8

Idiopathic, progressive shrinking & thickening of palmar fascia that limits the movement of the fingers (usually ring & finger)

Question 9

Fractures

Answer 9

Breaks or ruptures in a bone

Question 10

Ganglion Cysts

Answer 10

Cystic swellings of tendon sheaths & joint capsules filled with viscous fluid (often on wrist, hand, or top of foot) usually not painful

Question 11

Gout

Answer 11

Form of arthritis; chronic, inflammatory condition; periods of remission & acute relapse common

Question 12

Hallux Valgus

Answer 12

Lateral deviation of big tow preceded by weakening & loss of transverse (metatarsal) arch of foot; can develop thick calluses

Question 13

Herniated Disc

Answer 13

Nucleus pulposus protrudes or ruptures through annulus fibrosis into extradural space; protruding disc may compress spinal nerve root, cord, or cauda equine; the progressive severities described as bulge, protrusion, extrusion or ruptures; pain may be local or referred; paresthesia & anesthesia may result

Question 14

Kyphosis

Answer 14

Abnormally increased posterior convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; may be mild or severe; complications in loss of height & displacement of internal organs may occur

Question 15

Legg-Calve-Perthe Disease

Answer 15

Aseptic, ischemis necrosis of the head of the femur; common in children 5-10 almost exclusively boys some report age 3-12

Question 16

Lyme Disease

Answer 16

Form of arthritis; ‘bull’s eye” rash at site of bite; immune systems’s response to the bacteria causes inflammation of large joints, along with neurologic & cardiovascular symptoms (numbness, poor coordination, Bell’s palsy, & irregular heartbeat)

Question 17

Lordosis

Answer 17

Abnormally increased anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar spine as viewed from the side; may be mild or severe; complications in loss of height & displacement of internal organs may occur

Question 18

Myosistis Ossificans

Answer 18

Growth of bony deposit in soft tissue; “muscle inflammation with ossification” but it can happen in any soft tissue

Question 19

Neoplasms (of skeletal system)

Osteoma (benign), Osteosarcoma (malignant), Multiple Myeloma ( malignant)

Answer 19

Common; abnormal tissue growth; metastasis involves tumor cells migrating via lymphatic or circulatory systems; function as if independent parasitic organisms

Question 20

Osgood-Schlatter Disease OSD

Answer 20

Ischemic necrosis of tibial tuberosity leading to pain & swelling; common in children age 10-15 where calcification of tibial tuberosity is incomplete

Question 21

Osteoarthritis

Answer 21

Most common of the arthritic diseases; results in degeneration of articular cartilage & bony portions of a joint, & formation of bone spurs; usually non-inflammatory

Question 22

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 22

A defect in the development of all connective tissues (particularly bone); characterized by very thin, delicate, & abnormally curved bones; fractures can be present at birth; growth retardation, hearing loss, flat feet, kyphoscollosis, & dental abnormalities are common

Question 23

Osteomalacia

Answer 23

Softening of bone & loss of mass; rate in the US

Question 24

Osteomyelitis

Answer 24

Infection of the bone & marrow; leads to inflammation, necrosis, & destruction of bone; may be due to dental surgery at the site of extracted teeth

Question 25

Osteoporosis

Answer 25

Loss of bone (including collagen & minerals); postural changes & fractures from bone weakening may occur; “porous bones”

Question 26

Paget’s Disease

Answer 26

Chronic bone disorder where healthy bone is reabsorbed & replaced with fibrous connective tissue that never fully calcifies; Symptoms can include pain, thinning & thickening of various portions of the skull, deformities of facial bones, bone tumors, & circulatory changes leading to lightheadedness & possibly cardiac failure; Many are asymptomatic; occurs in 3-4% of people over age 60

Question 27

Pes Cavus

Answer 27

Arches of the feet that do not flatten out with each step, remaining high & immobile

Question 28

Pes Planus

Answer 28

Loss of medial (longitudinal) & transverse arches of foot; pronation of ankle may be present; can lead to arthritis, heel spurs, plantar ffasciltis, headaches, TMJ, or knee, hip, & back problems

Question 29

Plantar Fasciltis

Answer 29

Inflammation of plantar fascia; may lead to the development of heel spurs (at posterior attachment of plantar fascia); pain is sharp & bruised-like

Question 30

Postural Deviations

Answer 30

kyphosis, lordosis, & scollosis

Question 31

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 31

Chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease; antibodies are produced in synovial membrane of joint capsule; synovial membranes, especially of hands & feet are attacked; deformation of joint is common

Question 32

Scoliosis

Answer 32

Lateral curvature of deviation in the vertical line of the spine; symptoms include postural abnormalities, fatigue in lumbar area after prolonged standing or sitting, pain or aching

Question 33

Shin Splints

Answer 33

Collection of lower leg injuries; superficial or deep, mild or severe pain along tibia; affects muscles that do dorsiflexion, inversion, or plantarflexion; stress fractures (small harline fractures) can result from “running through the pain” Periostitis, Tibial Fractures, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Acute & Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome

Question 34

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 34

Forward displacement of one vertebral body over another (usually lower lumbar region) creating instability in the area; “a slipping & falling”

Question 35

Spondylosis

Answer 35

Osteoarthritis of the spine; can involve the narrowing (stenosis) of spinal canal

Question 36

Sprain

Grade 1 0-20% tear

Grade 2 20-75% tear

Grade 3 75-100%

Answer 36

Tearing injuries to joint capsule or ligamentous structures; painful & disabling

Grade 1: perform normal motion
Grade 2: function is altered
Grade 3: function significantly altered

Question 37

Subluxation

Answer 37

Partial or incomplete dislocation; signs include deformity of a joint (may be fixed or locked) pain which is worse when move it, or loss of joint function