Disorders of the Skeletal System Flashcards
Ankylosing Spondylitis AS
Chronic, systemic, inflammatory condition leading to calcification & fusion of spinal joints (often hip & low back) tissues of eyes, lungs, kidneys & heart may be affected; a progressive inflammatory arthritis
Arthritis
Gout, Lyme Disease, Osteoarthiritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection inside joint capsule (gonorrhea or staph) & can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis or lupus; sometimes due to dirty needle
Avascular Osteonecrosis AVN
Impeded blood supply to bone results in bone tissue & blood vessels disintegrating & never fully replaced; the resulting weakness may lead to fractures, arthritis & joint collapse
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa ( a fluid-filled sack that acts as a cushion between bones)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms related to compression of median nerve at carpal ligament; involves numbness, paresthesia, & weakness in palmar aspect of thumb, 2nd, 3rd, & radial aspect of 4th digits
Chondromalacia Patella
Deterioration of articular cartilage on posterior patella; symptoms include pain & crepitus with forceful extension of the knee
Dislocation
Displacement of a bone from its joint & usually involved damage to the joint capsule & surrounding ligaments; signs include deformity of a joint (may be fixed or locked) pain which is worse when move it, or loss of joint function
Dupuytren’s Contracture
Idiopathic, progressive shrinking & thickening of palmar fascia that limits the movement of the fingers (usually ring & finger)
Fractures
Breaks or ruptures in a bone
Ganglion Cysts
Cystic swellings of tendon sheaths & joint capsules filled with viscous fluid (often on wrist, hand, or top of foot) usually not painful
Gout
Form of arthritis; chronic, inflammatory condition; periods of remission & acute relapse common
Hallux Valgus
Lateral deviation of big tow preceded by weakening & loss of transverse (metatarsal) arch of foot; can develop thick calluses
Herniated Disc
Nucleus pulposus protrudes or ruptures through annulus fibrosis into extradural space; protruding disc may compress spinal nerve root, cord, or cauda equine; the progressive severities described as bulge, protrusion, extrusion or ruptures; pain may be local or referred; paresthesia & anesthesia may result
Kyphosis
Abnormally increased posterior convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; may be mild or severe; complications in loss of height & displacement of internal organs may occur
Legg-Calve-Perthe Disease
Aseptic, ischemis necrosis of the head of the femur; common in children 5-10 almost exclusively boys some report age 3-12
Lyme Disease
Form of arthritis; ‘bull’s eye” rash at site of bite; immune systems’s response to the bacteria causes inflammation of large joints, along with neurologic & cardiovascular symptoms (numbness, poor coordination, Bell’s palsy, & irregular heartbeat)
Lordosis
Abnormally increased anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar spine as viewed from the side; may be mild or severe; complications in loss of height & displacement of internal organs may occur
Myosistis Ossificans
Growth of bony deposit in soft tissue; “muscle inflammation with ossification” but it can happen in any soft tissue
Neoplasms (of skeletal system)
Osteoma (benign), Osteosarcoma (malignant), Multiple Myeloma ( malignant)
Common; abnormal tissue growth; metastasis involves tumor cells migrating via lymphatic or circulatory systems; function as if independent parasitic organisms
Osgood-Schlatter Disease OSD
Ischemic necrosis of tibial tuberosity leading to pain & swelling; common in children age 10-15 where calcification of tibial tuberosity is incomplete
Osteoarthritis
Most common of the arthritic diseases; results in degeneration of articular cartilage & bony portions of a joint, & formation of bone spurs; usually non-inflammatory
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
A defect in the development of all connective tissues (particularly bone); characterized by very thin, delicate, & abnormally curved bones; fractures can be present at birth; growth retardation, hearing loss, flat feet, kyphoscollosis, & dental abnormalities are common
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone & loss of mass; rate in the US
Osteomyelitis
Infection of the bone & marrow; leads to inflammation, necrosis, & destruction of bone; may be due to dental surgery at the site of extracted teeth
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone (including collagen & minerals); postural changes & fractures from bone weakening may occur; “porous bones”
Paget’s Disease
Chronic bone disorder where healthy bone is reabsorbed & replaced with fibrous connective tissue that never fully calcifies; Symptoms can include pain, thinning & thickening of various portions of the skull, deformities of facial bones, bone tumors, & circulatory changes leading to lightheadedness & possibly cardiac failure; Many are asymptomatic; occurs in 3-4% of people over age 60
Pes Cavus
Arches of the feet that do not flatten out with each step, remaining high & immobile
Pes Planus
Loss of medial (longitudinal) & transverse arches of foot; pronation of ankle may be present; can lead to arthritis, heel spurs, plantar ffasciltis, headaches, TMJ, or knee, hip, & back problems
Plantar Fasciltis
Inflammation of plantar fascia; may lead to the development of heel spurs (at posterior attachment of plantar fascia); pain is sharp & bruised-like
Postural Deviations
kyphosis, lordosis, & scollosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease; antibodies are produced in synovial membrane of joint capsule; synovial membranes, especially of hands & feet are attacked; deformation of joint is common
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of deviation in the vertical line of the spine; symptoms include postural abnormalities, fatigue in lumbar area after prolonged standing or sitting, pain or aching
Shin Splints
Collection of lower leg injuries; superficial or deep, mild or severe pain along tibia; affects muscles that do dorsiflexion, inversion, or plantarflexion; stress fractures (small harline fractures) can result from “running through the pain” Periostitis, Tibial Fractures, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Acute & Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Spondylolisthesis
Forward displacement of one vertebral body over another (usually lower lumbar region) creating instability in the area; “a slipping & falling”
Spondylosis
Osteoarthritis of the spine; can involve the narrowing (stenosis) of spinal canal
Sprain
Grade 1 0-20% tear
Grade 2 20-75% tear
Grade 3 75-100%
Tearing injuries to joint capsule or ligamentous structures; painful & disabling
Grade 1: perform normal motion
Grade 2: function is altered
Grade 3: function significantly altered
Subluxation
Partial or incomplete dislocation; signs include deformity of a joint (may be fixed or locked) pain which is worse when move it, or loss of joint function
