Ch. 6 test prep Flashcards
What is the primary organ of the skeletal system
Bones
How do we classify bones
Shape
What’s another name for joints
Articulation
Name the functions of the skeletal system
Support, storage, movement, & protection
What do bones protect
organs
How do muscles move bone
Pull
What do bones store
Calcium
Hemo
blood
Blood cell formation
Hemopoiesis
myo
muscle
Where does blood cell formation take place
Myeloid tissue
What is the soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones
Myeloid tissue
What are the 5 types of bones
Sesamoid, flat, long, short, & irregular
Name 2 long bones
femur & tibia
Name 2 short bones
carpal & tarpal
Name 2 flat bones
Sternum & skull
Name 2 irregular bones
vertebrae & sesamoid
Example of a sesamoid
Patella or knee cap
What bone is encapsulated within a tendon
Sesamoid or Patella or knee cap
Name the shaft of the long bone
Diaphysis
Name the hollow area inside the shaft of a long bone
Medullary Cavity
This area contains the soft yellow bone marrow
Medullary Cavity
Name the ends of long bone
Epiphyses
Red bone marrow is found in this part of the long bone
Epiphyses
Where is the spongy bone found
Epiphyses
Name the thin layer of cartilage that covers each epiphyses
Articular Cartilage
What is the purpose of Articular Cartilage
Shock absorber
Name the strong fibrous membrane covering long bones except at the joint surfaces
Periosteum
2 major types of connective tissue in the skeletal system
bone & cartilage
Names for the outer layer of hard bone
Periosteum or Compact bone
Name for the porous bone in the end of long bones
Spongy bone or cancellous bone
What is the needlelike threads of spongy bone that surrounds a network of spaces
Trabeculae
What is the intracellular substance of a tissue in bone it’s calcified & in blood it’s liquid
Calcium
Numerous structural units that are how the matrix of bone is organized
Osteon
Name the ring of calcified matrix surrounding the Haversian canal
Concentric lamella
Name the pathway in bone that contains a blood vessel
Central Canal
osteo
bone
cytes
cells
These are found between the hard layers of the lamellae
osteocytes
Name the spaces where osteocytes are found
lacunae
Nutrients pass from the blood vessel in the Haversian canal to the osteocytes through this
Canaliculi
Chondr
Cartilage
Chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
No blood vessels are found here
Cartilage
bone forming cells
osteoblasts
bone-resorbing cells
osteoclasts
Name the process of blood formation
ossification
The cartilage between the epiphyses & diaphysis that allows growth of the bone
Articulate
When there is no longer bone growth what remains where there was once cartilage
epiphyseal line
This bone pathology occurs most often in elderly white females
Osteoporosis
Name the division of the skeleton that includes the clavicles & scapula
Appendicular
Name the division of the skeleton that includes the head & trunk
Axial
The only joint in the upper skeleton where the axial & appendicular skeletons articulate
Sternoclavicular
How many cranial bones
8
How many facial bones
14
How many bones in the middle ear
3 per ear
What are the spaces or cavities inside some of the cranial bones
sinuses
4 pairs of these are found in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, & ethmoid bones
paranasal sinuses
Name the type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces
hyaline
Name the fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
itis
inflammation of
Inflammation of the frontal sinus due to its mucous membrane becoming inflamed & swollen
frontal sinusitis
Name an immovable joint
Suture
Name the immovable joint between the parietal & occipital bones
lambobidal suture
Name the immovable joint between the parietal & temporal & part of the sphenoid bones
Squamous suture
Name the immovable joint between the parietal & frontal bones
Coronal surture
Name the 6 soft spots on the baby’s skull where ossification is incomplete
fontanels
When is the ossification of the bones of the skull is complete
2 years old
Name the whole in the center of a vertebrae
Vertebral foramen
How many curves in your spine
4
Name the types of curves in your spine except in a newborn
Convex curves
What are the cervical & lumbar curves called
Concave curves
What are the thoracic & sacral curves called
Convex curves
What type of rib attaches directly to the sternum via costal cartilage
true ribs
Which pair of ribs attach to the last true rib
false ribs
What do we call the 2 pair of ribs that don’t have cartilage
floating ribs
Name the 2nd longest bone in the body
tibia
What is the large bony process of the ulna
olecrarion
Name the endangerment site on the sternum
sternoclavicular
How many carpals are in the body
8
How many metacarpals in the body
5
How many bones that make the phalanges of both hands
14
Whats the total number of bones in both hands
27
Another name for pelvic bone
pelvic girdle
What’s the longest bone of the body
femur
Name the hip socket made up of the ilium, ischium & pubis
coxal bone
Name the shinbone
tibia
Name the knee cap
patella
Name the heel bone & largest of the tarsals
calcaneus
Which gender had less than a 90 degree angle in the pelvic girdle
Male
Name the only bone in the body that doesn’t connect to another bone
hyoid
Name 3 types of joints
Synarthroses = suture= skull immovable
Amphiarthroses little movement
Diarthroses lots of movement
Name the type of joint in which fibrous connective tissue grows between the articulating bones (joining) holding them close together
Synarthroses
Give examples of least movable joints
lambobidal, squamous, & coronal suture
Name the joint in which cartilage connects articulating bones
Amphiarthroses
Name the most movable joints
Diarthroses
What do diarthrotic joints have in common
movable
What is the strongest & toughest material of the body that makes the joint capsule of diarthrotick joints
fibrous connective tissue
What grows out of the periosteum & last 2 bones toether
ligaments
What lays over the joint ends of bones & absorbs jolts
articular cartilage
What secretes a lubricating fluid (synovial fluid) that allows easier movent with less friction at a joint
synovial membrane
List the types of diarthrotic joints
hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, gliding, and ball & socket joints
Name the type of diarthrotic joint that allows for the widest range of movement
ball & socket joint
Name the type of diarthrotic joint that allows for movements in only 2 directions (flexion & extension)
hinge joint
Name the type of diarthrotic joint found between C1 & C2 (atlas & axis) that allows the head to rotate
pivot joint
Name the type of diarthrotic joint that allows for great mobility (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, & opposition)
saddle joint
Name the type of diarthrotic joint that allows for the least movement
gliding joint
Name the type of diarthrotic joint that involves a condyle (oval projection) to fit an elliptical socket
Condyloid joint
Give examples of a ball & socket joint
shoulder & hip joint
Give examples of a hinge joint
elbow & knee joints
Give an example of pivot joint
axis rotating against the atlas
Give an example of saddle joint
thumb
Give an example of a gliding joint
articular processes between the vertebrae
Give an example of a condyloid joint
atlantoocciputal
What is the longest bone in the body
femur
