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Skeletal Pathobiology > Disorders of the Physis > Flashcards

Disorders of the Physis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of long bones?

A

epiphysis
physis
metaphysis
diaphysis

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2
Q

what is the epiphysis?

A

end of a long bone
secondary center of ossification

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3
Q

what are the two cartilagenous areas of long bones?

A

articular cartilage
physeal cartilage

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4
Q

what size and shape is physeal cartilage?

A

size and shape of diaphysis

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5
Q

how does longitudinal bone growth occur?

A

endochondral ossification

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6
Q

what is the reserve zone adjacent to?

A

epiphysis

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7
Q

what does the proliferative zone look like?

A

cells divide in a linear fashion

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8
Q

where are germinal cells?

A

adjacent to epiphysis

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9
Q

what do the cells look like in the hypertrophic zone?

A

broad, flat cells

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10
Q

what happens in the calcification zone?

A

matrix seeded with calcium phosphate
hydroxyappetite crystals form and calcify

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11
Q

what arteries supply the physeal blood supply?

A

epiphyseal artery
metaphyseal artery

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12
Q

what does disruptions of epiphyseal blood supply lead to?

A

necrosis of germinal cells and permanent cessation of growth

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13
Q

what does disruption of the metaphyseal blood supply result in?

A

reversible cessation of ossification

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14
Q

the cartilaginous physis is ___________ than the adjacent bone

A

weaker

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15
Q

what does salter-harris classification classify physeal fractures based on?

A

anatomic location and correlated with prognosis

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16
Q

what is a type VI fracture?

A

traumatically induced periosteal bridging resulting in an angular or rotational deformity

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17
Q

what does the salter-harris classification not take into account?

A

age of animal
specific bone involved or location

18
Q

what does a salter-harris type I spare?

A

reserve zone of cartilage cells

19
Q

what is a salter-harris type I?

A

fracture or separation through the hypertrophic zone

20
Q

what is a salter-harris type II?

A

fracture or separation through portion of hypertrophic zone and the metaphysis

21
Q

what is a salter-harris type III?

A

fracture or separation through a portion of the hypertrophic zone and the epiphysis

22
Q

what is a salter-harris type IV?

A

fracture or separation through a portion of the hypertrophic zone, metaphysis, and epiphysis

23
Q

what is a salter-harris type V?

A

crushing injury of the physis

24
Q

what does a salter-harris type V result in?

A

necrosis of resting layer of cartilage cells and therefore cessation of bone growth

25
Q

what is the most common site of a salter-harris type VI (not truly salter-harris)?

A

distal radius

26
Q

where are retained cartilaginous cores most common?

A

distal ulnar physis and metaphysis

27
Q

what does a retained cartilaginous core cause?

A

slowed growth of distal ulnar physis

28
Q

who are angular limb deformities in horses most common in?

A

young foals

29
Q

what is angular limb deformity in foals?

A

deviation from the normal axis in the frontal plane

30
Q

what are some causes of angular limb deformity in young foals?

A

premature birth
twins
placentitis
trauma
soft tissue laxity
crushing of non-ossified cuboidal bones

31
Q

what is the metaphysis of a long bone?

A

wider tapered section between epiphysis and diaphysis

32
Q

what does the hypertrophic zone look like?

A

broad, flat cells
8x increase cell volume
decrease in extracellular matrix

33
Q

where does a stress riser exist?

A

within the hypertrophic zone

34
Q

where does a fracture occur with an overload applied to the physis?

A

hypertrophic zone due to stress concentration at this level

35
Q

what does salter-harris not take into account?

A

age of animal
specific bone involved or location

36
Q

what is the most common site of a salter-harris type II fracture?

A

distal femur

37
Q

what is the most common site of a salter-harris type IV fracture?

A

distal humerus

38
Q

what is the most common site of a salter-harris type V fracture?

A

distal ulna

39
Q

what are some causes of angular limb deformity in older foals?

A

nutritional imbalance
excessive exercise
trauma
growth plate injury

40
Q

what is the most common site for a salter-harris type I?

A

femoral capital physis

41
Q

what is the most common site of a salter-harris “type VI”?

A

distal radius

Skeletal Pathobiology (12 decks)

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