Disorders of Sodium Flashcards
Describe the mechanisms involved in sodium homeostasis.
Define the following terms:
1. hypernatremia
2. osmolality
3. osmolarity - how is it calculated?
What clinical features on exam would indicate:
1. hypovolemia
What clinical features on exam would indicate:
2. hypervolemia
There are renal and non-renal causes of hypernatremia, where renal causes are more common.
What are the renal causes of hypernatremia? Explain how they result in hypernatremia.
There are renal and non-renal causes of hypernatremia, where renal causes are more common.
What are the non-renal causes of hypernatremia?
List some ddx for hypernatremia.
What are the symptoms of hypernatremia ( not all the symptoms - just hypernatremia)
What are the symptoms of Diabetes insipidus?
What are ALL the common symptoms of hypernatremia?(not specific to hypernatremia).
What are the common signs of hypernatremia?
How would you investigate DI?
List and justify all the investigations for hypernatremia.
What is the target for serum sodium?
<145mmol/L
What is hypovolemic, euvolemic and Hypervolemic in terms of plasma osmolality? How is it calculated?