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Ch. 6 - Endocrinology > Disorders of Calcium > Flashcards

Disorders of Calcium Flashcards

Hypocalcaemia

1
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A
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2
Q

Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

A
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3
Q

What is the role of Vitamin D in the body? How does it affect Ca, PO4 and PTH?

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4
Q

What is the role of PTH in the body? How does it affect Ca and PO4?

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5
Q

How would you define hypocalcemia?

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6
Q

What are the causes of hypomagnesemia?

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7
Q

What are the causes of hypocalcemia?

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8
Q

What would you expect to see on ECG of hypocalcemia?

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9
Q

A patient presents with symptoms of hypocalcemia. On 24 urine CA testing, the result came back high. WHat is the most likely cause?

A

hyperactive parathyroid

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10
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of hypocalcemia. Include causes.

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia?

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12
Q

What are the signs/ exam findings of hypocalcemia? Describe your findings.

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13
Q

How would you investigate a patient with hypocalcemia? Justify them and include what you would expect to find.

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14
Q

What is the key preventative measure to reduce risk of hypocalcemia?

A

Medication review.

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15
Q

What is the acute management of hypocalcemia?

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16
Q

What is the long term management of hypocalcemia?

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17
Q

What is the FULL management of hypocalcemia?

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18
Q

List the complications of hypocalcemia.

A
19
Q

How would you define hypercalcemia?

A
20
Q

How would you quantify severe hypercalcemia?

A

> 3.5

21
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of hypercalcemia? Which gender is typically more affected?

A
22
Q

There are PTH dependant and pTH independent causes of hypercalcemia.
List the PTH dependant causes of hypercalcemia.

A
23
Q

There are PTH dependant and non-PTH dependent causes of hypercalcemia.
List the non-PTH dependant causes of hypercalcemia.

A
24
Q

List all the causes of hypercalcemia.

A
25
Q

What are the RFs for hypercalcemia?

A
26
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

+ general - fatigue, malaise, weakness and muscle cramps

27
Q

What are the common signs of hypercalcemia?

A

pulse - tachycardia
palpation - flank pain (stones), epigastric pain (pancreatitis)
+ reduced deep tendon reflexes.

28
Q

What is the most important diagnostic investigation for hypercalcemia. Why?

A
29
Q

Outline all the investigations to be done for hypercalcemia.

A

+ sestamibi scan for parathyroid overactivity
+ U/s parathyroid

30
Q

In what patient cohorts is the treatment of hypercalcemia with bisphosphonates contraindicated?

A

Pregnancy and upcoming surgery

31
Q

In a pregnant patient with acute hypercalcemia and no planned surgeries what medication can she be treated with?

A

Denusomab

32
Q

Outline the acute management of hypercalcemia.

A
33
Q

Outline the long-term management of hypercalcemia.

A
34
Q

Outline the FULL management of hypercalcemia.

A
35
Q

List the complications of hypercalcemia.

A

Ch. 6 - Endocrinology (10 decks)

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