Disorders of Calcium Flashcards by Aboudi el masri

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Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

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What is the role of Vitamin D in the body? How does it affect Ca, PO4 and PTH?

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What is the role of PTH in the body? How does it affect Ca and PO4?

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How would you define hypocalcemia?

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What are the causes of hypomagnesemia?

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What are the causes of hypocalcemia?

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What would you expect to see on ECG of hypocalcemia?

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Q

A patient presents with symptoms of hypocalcemia. On 24 urine CA testing, the result came back high. WHat is the most likely cause?

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hyperactive parathyroid

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There are 4 factors which control the serum calcium level. What are they? List causes of hypocalcemia and categorize based on the factors which control the calcium.

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What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia?

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What are the signs/ exam findings of hypocalcemia? Describe your findings.

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How would you investigate a patient with hypocalcemia? Justify them and include what you would expect to find.

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What is the key preventative measure to reduce risk of hypocalcemia?

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Medication review.

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What is the acute management of hypocalcemia?

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What is the long term management of hypocalcemia?

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What is the FULL management of hypocalcemia?

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List the complications of hypocalcemia.

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How would you define hypercalcemia?

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How would you quantify severe hypercalcemia?

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> 3.5

Q

What are the 3 most common causes of hypercalcemia? Which gender is typically more affected?

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There are PTH dependant and pTH independent causes of hypercalcemia.
List the PTH dependant causes of hypercalcemia.

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There are PTH dependant and non-PTH dependent causes of hypercalcemia.
List the non-PTH dependant causes of hypercalcemia.

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List all the causes of hypercalcemia.

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What are the RFs for hypercalcemia?

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

+ general - fatigue, malaise, weakness and muscle cramps

What are the common signs of hypercalcemia?

pulse - tachycardia palpation - flank pain (stones), epigastric pain (pancreatitis) + reduced deep tendon reflexes.

What is the most important diagnostic investigation for hypercalcemia. Why?

Outline all the investigations to be done for hypercalcemia.

+ sestamibi scan for parathyroid overactivity + U/s parathyroid

In what patient cohorts is the treatment of hypercalcemia with bisphosphonates contraindicated?

Pregnancy and upcoming surgery

In a pregnant patient with acute hypercalcemia and no planned surgeries what medication can she be treated with?

Denusomab

Outline the acute management of hypercalcemia.

Outline the long-term management of hypercalcemia.(1,2,3)

Outline the FULL management of hypercalcemia.

List the complications of hypercalcemia.