Disordered eating and undernutrition Flashcards
Eating disorders in society
- more prevalent as _______ increases (or decreases)
- both women and men are ?
- influence of (2) encourage ED as lifestyle choices
- wealth
- dissatisfied with their bodies
- social media and websites
globally: __% of 5-17 y-o have ED?
4.4%
Solution to ED?
focus on healthy lifestyle rather than weight –> change dieting culture
vicious diet cycle: diet –> (10)
diet -> decrease cals –> lose weight from muscle and fat –> reduce metabolic rate –> increase fat storage for protection –> fall off diet –> feast response –> increase cal intake but reduced metabolic rate –> regain weight from fat –> become overweight again –> repeat
Disordered eating def
abnormal or atypical eating behaviors associated with efforts to control weight
high risk of ED in (2)
university students and athletes –> stress + pressure + life transitions
General warning signs to ED (5)
Self-critism, depressed-anxious mood, belief that only worthwhile if thin, preoccupation with weight shape and dieting –> wanting to control scenario
Causes of ED (4)
media, society, family and psychological factors
which ED tend to run in families?
bulimia nervosa and binge-eating
Which EDs are more common?
binge-eating > bulimia > anorexia
Risk for ED women vs men
women: 80-90%
men: 10-20%
around __% of ED start during _________. key = ?
85% ED start during adolescence
- key = early treatment
anorexia nervosa characterized by (4). mostly affects who?
- distorted body image
- excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss
- pathological fear of becoming fat
- underweight for 3 months (BMI < 17)
mostly affects young women
Anorexia nervosa = highest risk of side effects –> what “disease”? Causes lack of (2) + 8 symptoms
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
starvation, cold, physiological changes, amenorrhea (losing menstruations), loss of bone density, hormonal changes, confusion/delirium, death
- not enough macros or micros
1st goal in treatment of anorexia nervosa
stop weight loss!
Bulimia nervosa characteristics (3) + lack of control = ? behavior
- frequent episodes (at least once per week for 3 months) of binge-eating followed by self-induced vomiting
- feeling of lack of control over binges –> affects self-esteem
- overconcern about body shape and weight (despite being at healthy BMI)
- lack of control = compensatory behavior
Dangers of bulimia nervosa (5)
subclinical malnutrition, dehydration, depression, substance abuse, death
bulimia nervosa = lots of ______ from binge-eating
Guilt
treatment for bulimia?
structured eating pattern + learn to avoid restrictive dieting
Binge-eating disorder (4)
- related to bulimia but no purging
- recurring episodes of eating significantly more food in short period of time than most people would eat (even when not hungry)
- occurs at least once a week for 3 months
- feelings of lack of control, guilt, embarrassment, marked distress
Orthorexia
being extremely intense with healthiness –> very fixated and intense
warning signs for orthorexia (5)
avoid social celebrations, increased concern about health, compulsive checking of labels, cutting out food groups, obsession over healthy lifestyle blogs…
Increase orthorexia with increase ?
social media –> culturally promoted
Why are athletes more vulnerable to ED?
standards with physique and performance + weight classes
Making weight –> what they do and hope vs facts
- restrict food and intake + rubber suits and sauna to lose fluid + laxatives and diuretics
- replenish with fluids, glycogen and prots after weigh in
- reality: reestablishing fluid and electrolytes (1-2 days), glycogen (2-3 days), lean tissue (even longer)
Before: Female athlete triad: ED leads to (3)
loss of menstruation + excessive loss of calcium + hormonal disturbances –> contribute to osteoporosis
Now: relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): when?
when athletes (women or men) eat too little food and are unable to meet energy needs
Health consequences of REDS (8)
altered hormone activity, anemia, bone loss, decreased glycogen stores, protein synthesis, impaired metabolism, menstrual dysfunction, poor growth
Performance consequences of RED-S
Physical (3)
Psychological (4)
physical: reduced endurance, muscle strength, glycogen + reduced training response + increased injury risk
Psychological: reduced concentration, coordination + impaired judgement + irritability + depression
Diabulemia? + consequences (3)
T1 diabetes: skip/reduce insulin to lose weight
- decrease glucose intake in cells –> no more storage in glycogen –> go for fat and muscle for energy
- consequences: vision problem, amputation, sensitive blood vessels to high glucose
Drunkorexia? (3)
Alcohol anorexia
- heavy drinking combined with restricting, purging and/or bingeing
- replace food with alcohol
Compulsive exercise! (3)
- recognized as ED bc motivation/purpose is to lose weight
- exercise interferes with important things
- continue despite injury
Therapy for ED:
- Goal #1 =
- focus on:
- then can start ?
- types of therapy?
- meds?
- goal #1 = psychological and mental well-being
- focus on whole person care
- nutritional counseling…
- group/family, inpatient/outpatient, art, music, yoga, accept healthy body weight!
- meds = antidepressants
Prevention of ED (6 ish)
avoid labeling food as bad/sinful + encourage intuitive eating + develop self-esteem based qualities + manage stress + healthy lifestyle + encourage health at every size
