Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition and Health final > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

Current recs for alcohol
women vs men vs absolute max
- avoid if (3)

A
  • women: max 1 drink per day
  • men: 1-2 drinks per day
  • max 4 on any occasion + drink with food
  • pregnant, operating machinery, can’t control intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Updates on recs
- rec?
- 3-6/week = ?
- >7/week = ?

A
  • max 2 drinks per week for everyone
  • 3-6 drinks/week –> increase cancer risk
  • > 7drinks/week = increase heart disease and stroke risks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alcohol acts as a ___________ and ____________ in brain –> ?

A

narcotic sedative and depressant
- sedates inhibitory nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

effects of alcohol on brain in increasing order

A

judgement and reasoning –> vision and speech –> coordination of voluntary muscles –> stupor/confusion –> respiration and heart action at 0.4% blood alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can brain cells regenerate?
vs liver cells

A

brain cells: no
liver: up to a point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basic metabolism of alcohol
- happens where?
- 3 steps
- what is very reactive?
- accumulation of _________ = very detrimental on ?

A
  • mostly in liver
    1. alcohol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase
    2. acetaldehyde to acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
    3. acetate to acetyl-coA (with coA)
  • acetaldehyde –> convert ASAP to acetate
  • acetyl-CoA –> energy metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which micronutrient is very important for NAD+?

A

Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway
- ___% of ethanol goes through this pathway
- ADH synthesized by what? men vs women?
- ADH production inducible?
- what happens if not enough ADH?

A
  • 70
  • liver and men can produced it in stomach
  • NOT inducible –> steady rates in liver
  • if not enough ADH –> alcohol stays in blood system –> MEOS kicks in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system pathway:
- mechanism?
- ____% of ethanol
- enzymes from _______ delivered to _______ cells
- can also metabolize ______
- tolerance?
- inducible?

A
  • alcohol to acetaldehyde using enzymes from mitochondria of liver + same rest pathway as ADH pathway
  • 20%
  • mitochondria –> liver cells
  • drugs
  • system involved in tolerance: can develop tolerance to what it’s metabolizing (drug or alcohol) –> becomes more efficient at metabolizing after repeated exposure
  • yes!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how much % of alcohol goes directly in breath and urine?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lots of Acetyl-Coa and NADH will ?
- instead: converted to (2) + byproduct
- consequence?

A

bloc ability of acetyl-coa to go in TCA cycle
- so Acetyl-Coa converted into FA and protein + ketones
- consequence: fatty liver –> cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Decreased gluconeogenesis because of alcohol leads to ?

A

ketosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What leads to fatty liver?

A

Excess FA and ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

excess alcohol = increase acetaldehyde –> 4 consequences

A
  • decrease protein synthesis
  • cell damage
  • damages liver tissue = fibrosis –> scarring, liver tries to regenerate –> only leads to worse consequences
  • leads to cirrhosis = irreversible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what promotes conversion of pyruvate to lactate acid (instead of acetyl-Coa)? (2)
consequence?

A
  • no TCA cycle (blocked by excess acetyl-coA)
  • excess NADH (less NAD+)
    consequence: increases acidity in body! –> acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cirrhosis
- what is it?
- mechanism (4)
- reversible?
- leads to ?
- treatment?

A
  • irreversible liver damage caused by alcohol, hepatitis B or C, iron toxicity (hemochromatosis)
  • as liver constantly repairs, accumulation of fibrosis tissue –> scars, nodules and connective tissue –> impaired function
  • irreversible
  • carcinoma/cancer
  • liver resection or transplant
17
Q

Most severe complication associated with excess alcohol intake?

A

Cirrhosis

18
Q

Alcohol = ________ calories
- 1g OH = ____ kcal?

A

empty. 7 kcal/g

19
Q

Impacted liver tissue leads to compromised vitamin status (4)

A
  • Kernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: B1 (thiamin) destruction/deficiency
  • anemia –> promotes folate excretion
  • decreased vit D activation in liver (to hormonal form: calcitriol)
  • B6 loss from binding protein
20
Q

What type of anemia does impacted liver tissue leads to?

A

Megaloblastic because lack of folate

21
Q

What does aldosterone system do?
what causes negative impact on aldosterone system? (3 steps)

A
  • maintains fluid status
  • alcohol –> leads to more excretion of water = dehydration
22
Q

What system maintains fluid status?

A

Aldosterone system

23
Q

Will alcohol increase or decrease FA, protein and gluconeogenesis

A
  • increase FA synthesis
  • decrease protein synthesis (increase catabolism)
  • decrease gluconeogenesis
24
Q

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy threatens fetus with (4)
- name of syndrome?

A
  • irreversible brain damage
  • cognitive impairment
  • growth restriction
  • facial and vision abnormalities
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
25
Q

Direct and indirect damage of fetal alcohol syndrome

A

direct: intoxication –> teratogenic effects
indirect: malnutrition –> if heavy alcohol consumer, nutrition status compromised

26
Q

french paradox:
- low prevalence of CVD despite high ________ intake
- hypothesis?

A
  • high sat fat intake
  • red wine consumption contains resveratrol –> protects against LDL oxidation
27
Q

We know that alcohol has some links to increased ____ if consumed moderately

A

HDL

28
Q

Even moderate alcohol consumption associated with (9)

A
  • hypertension, stroke
  • cirrhosis
  • cancer
  • ulcers
  • osteoporosis
  • psychological depression
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
  • insomnia
  • alcoholism
29
Q

how many drink metabolized by liver per hour? because of what?

A

1 drink/hour
- because of set number of alcohol dehydrogenase

30
Q

alcohol consumption during pandemic –> ______ study
- extra 1 drink/day for a year = ________ added deaths
- extra 1 drink/day for 5 years = _________ added deaths per year

A
  • modeling study
  • 9000
  • 11 000
    in US
31
Q

screening tool for possible alcohol issue:
CAGE

A
  • Cut down. thoughts about cutting down drinking?
  • Annoyed by criticism?
  • Guilty about drinking?
  • Eye-opener –> started day with alcohol cause too stressed?
32
Q

Treatment for alcohol issue
- usually _______ of active treatment
- medication: antabus and reviva = primary therapy?
- A + AA

A
  • 2
  • antabus (blocks Acetaldehyde DH) –> hangover immediately
  • Reviva (opioid receptors –> decreases craving and feeling of high)
  • meds = not primary therapy –> too long = negative physiological impacts
  • Abstinence + alcoholics anonymous

Nutrition and Health final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions