Disinfectants, antimicrobial alternatives, surveillance Flashcards
Types of disinfectant
- Quaternary ammonium
- Aldehydes
- QUAT / aldehydes
- Natural and synthetic phenols
- Chlorine and Iodine release compounds
- Liquid and powdered peroxygens
sensitivity of common pathogens to disinfectants from most to least susceptible
MOST SUSCEPTIBLE
- fungi
- mycoplasma
- gram +
- gram -
- ricketsia
- Env. viruses (IB, herpes, IBD, AI, ND)
- yeast, algae
- paseudomonas
- non-env. viruses (IBH, Reo, pox)
- chlamydia
- mycobaceria
- fungal spores
- other non-env. viruses (chicken anemia)
- bacterial spores
- viroids
- oocysts
- prions
LEAST SUSCEPTIBLE
which disinfectants are least powerful? to most?
QUAT
Phen
Ald
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Q/Ald
Ch/I
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Per Ox
Categories of Antimicrobials - based on what?
Based on importance in human medicine
Principal criteria for categorization are the indication
and the availability of alternative antimicrobials for the
treatment of infections in humans
antimicrobial alternative ingredients
Phytogenics/essential oils
Probiotics/direct fed microbials
Prebiotics/Fermentation
Water acidification
Betaine
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs)
what are phytogenics? what do they do? efficacy depends on what?
Plant derived compounds; can be added to feed or
water
> Plant extracts and Essential Oils
Direct antibacterial effect
Positively influence gut health and immune function
Variety of active ingredients
Efficacy depends on inclusion level, diet, and
management
Probiotics use as antimicrobial alternative
Cultures of microorganisms
Theory of competitive exclusion
Goal is to set up ideal population of beneficial bacteria
in the gut that can outcompete pathogenic bacteria for
resources and displace them
prebiotics - what they are, how they work as antimicrobial alternative
Indigestible products added to feed to carry out a
specific function
Reduce pathogen load in the gut by binding
pathogens, which are then excreted instead of binding
to the gut wall
Stimulate immune function
Food source for the beneficial bacteria
water acidification - what does it do, and what is its use as an alternative to antimicrobials?
Organic acids, inorganic acids, or a blend of both
Reduce pH
Inhibit bacteria
Improve efficacy of chlorine
Enhance enzyme activity (thus feed digestibility)
Efficacy depends on the concentration and type of acid used
Organic acids have antibacterial activity against
Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter
Betaine
- what is it and what is its use as an antimicrobial alternative?
Derivative of the amino acid glycine
Functions as an osmoregulant
> Affects digesta hydration, thus preventing flushing
In some circumstances, it has been shown to have a
protective effect on birds exposed to coccidia
short chain fatty acids use as antimicrobial alternative
Added to feed to control Salmonella
Some antibacterial effect
Stimulates the growth of the villi
> Promotes intestinal integrity
>s Supports efficient absorption of nutrients
medium chain fatty acids use as antimicrobial alternative
Kills pathogens and reduces virulence
Improves intestinal morphology
Alternative Product Summary???? (but some not really right?)
- which products:
> enhance digestion
> control cocci
> control bacteria
Enhance digestion
> Enzymes, acidification, SCFAs
Cocci control
> Phytogenics, essential oils, Betaine
Bacterial Control
> Probiotic, acidification