Diseases Of The Endocrine System Flashcards
What is hypothyroidism disease?
Seen in dogs usually follows thyroid atrophy or lymphocytic thyroiditis. Inflammation of the thyroid.
Develops when the pituitary gland or hypothalamus is diseased
Wha are the signs of hypothyroid disease?
Golden retrievers, Dobermans, Irish setters, schnauzers, cocker spaniels, and wiener dogs
Common in middle aged dogs 4-10 yrs old female to male ratio;2.5:1
Weight gain with no diet change
Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia rat tail
Cold intolerant
Recurrent skin infections reproduction problems
How do you diagnose hypothyroid disease?
66%-75% animals will have an increased cholesterol level
25%-40% of animals have a non regenerative anemia
Thyroid hormones -t4 and total T3 thyroid ultrasound
Thyroid biopsy
How do you treat hypothyroid disease?
Life long supplement with thyroid replacement hormones
Dogs certain dose of medications
What is hyperthyroid disease?
Most common endocrine disorder in cats
70% of cases and is the result of a functional thyroid adenoma
What are the signs of hyperthyroid disease?
Middle aged to older cats
Weight loss
Polyphasic
Vomiting
Increased appetite
Tachycardia with or without murmurs
Aggressive behavior, hyperactivity
Palpable enlarged thyroid
Increased systolic blood pressure
Blindness with retinal detachment
How do you diagnose hyperthyroid disease?
Check for palpable enlarged thyroid Increased
Test for increased serum T4 concentration
Perform serum chemistries to rule out any other organ system failures that may be present. Increased alanine
PCV is often high to normal range on the stress leukogram
Check for abnormal thyroid radionuclide uptake imagine using either iodine or technetium
How do you treat hyperthyroid disease?
Control excessive thyroid hormones
Surgery
Radioactive iodine
Antithyroid drug therapy
What is diabetes Mellitus?
Cells need glucose as a fuel.
Result from when B cells stop producing insulin in adequate amounts or when cells in specific body tissues become resistant to the action of insulin
Almost 100% of dogs and about 50% of cats will have insulin dependent diabetes.
Therapy includes dietary regulation and daily insulin regulation.
Insulin type depends on the severity of the disease and animal needs
What are the signs of diabetes mellitus?
Nonketotic diabetes- dogs 4014 years of age, female dogs are twice as likely to be affected. Cats- all ages, with neutered male cats most affected.
Breeds predisposed to the disease: poodles, schnauzers, keeshonds,cairn terriers, Dachshunds, cocker spaniels and beagles.
PolyuriaPU or PolydipsiaPD
Weight loss
Polyphagia
Sudden cataract formation
Dehydration
Keotic disease- clinical signs include all of the preceding symptoms plus the following: depression, weakness,tachypnea, vomiting, odor of acetone on the breath
How do you diagnose diabetes mellitus?
Evaluate signs
Observe for documented fasting blood glucose concentration greater than 200mg/dL
Testing urine for glycosuria
Perform complete serum chemistry to rule out other concurrent disease
Perform A1c test
Obtain serum blood glucose curve
What is the treatment of diabetes mellitus?
Dietary management
Insulin therapy
Exercise regulation
What is Hypoadrenocorticism ( Addison’s disease)?
Idiopathic, involves atrophy of the adrenal cortex, causing decreased production of both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Seen in dogs and rarer in cats.
What are the signs of Addison disease?
Middle-aged female dogs usually less than 7 years of age
Vague signs of depression, lethargy, weakness, anorexia, and weight loss
Vomiting and diarrhea
PU or PD
Symptoms frequently wax and wane over time
Bradycardia in about one-third of all animals
Dehydration
How do you diagnose Addison’s disease?
Serum chemistry panel
Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test
How do you treat Addison’s disease?
Acute crisis management
Chronic management
What is Hyperadrenocortiticism (canine Cushing syndrome)?
Common in dogs
Results in hyper secretion of cortisol, excessive secretion of cortisol may result from a pituitary lesion.
Breeds such s poodles, Dachshunds, terriers, beagles, and German Shepard are affected. Boston terriers and boxers have been reported to be at increased risk for development of this disease.
What are the signs of Cushiongs disease?
Dog> 6 years of age
Pu or Pd
Polyphagia
Excessive panting
Abdominal enlargement , obesity
Muscle weakness, lethargy, lameness,etc
How do you diagnose Cushing disease?
Serum chemistry panel abnormalities
Urine cortisol:creatinine ratios
ACTH stimulation test
Dexamethasone suppression test
How do you treat cushions disease?
Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
Medical management
