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Diseases Of Cats And Dogs > Diseases Of The Digestive System > Flashcards

Diseases Of The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

Inflammation if the gingiva , result from build up of dental plaque

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2
Q

What are the signs of gingivitis?

A

Halitosis
Reluctance to chew hard food, bones, toys
Pawing at the mouth
Head shyness
Oral pain
Personality changes
Sneezing, nasal discharge
Increased salivation
Facial swelling
Tooth loss

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3
Q

How do you diagnose gingivitis?

A

Physical exam of the oral cavity
Increased depth of the gingival sulcus
Presence of tartar on teeth, inflammation

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4
Q

How do you treat gingivitis?

A

Dental scaling, extraction of all loose teeth
Root planing
Gingival curettage
Sublingual lavage
Antibiotics
Instructions of good oral hygiene in dogs to owners

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5
Q

What is salivary Mucocele?

A

Common disease of the salivary glands in dogs
Accumulation of excessive amounts of saliva in the subcutaneous tissue and the consequent tissue reaction that occurs.

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6
Q

What are the signs of salivary Mucocele?

A

Slowly enlarging, painless, fluid- filled swelling on the neck or under the tongue
Reluctance to eat
Difficulty swallowing
Blood-tinged saliva
Respiratory distress

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7
Q

How do you diagnose salivary Mucocele?

A

Clincal signs
Paracentesis shows a stringy, blood-tinged fluid with a low cell count
Sialography

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8
Q

How do you treat salivary Mucocele?

A

Aspiration of fluid
Surgical drainage
Removal of the gland, followed by placement of a Penrose drain for 5-7 days

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9
Q

What is immune mediated inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lining of the small intestine, stomach, or the large bowel ad is seen most commonly in cats, occurs in digs as well.

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10
Q

What are the signs of IBD?

A

Chronic vomiting
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Straining

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11
Q

How do you diagnose IBD?

A

CBC
Urinalysis
Fecal sample
Feline leukemia virus
Cobalamin and serum
Endoscopic evaluation of the stomach, small intestines,etc

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12
Q

How do you treat IBD?

A

Prednisone and other medications
Hypoallergenic diet

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13
Q

What is gastric ulceration?

A

Result of drug therapy in dogs which produce ulcerations in dogs

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14
Q

What are the signs of gastric ulcerations?

A

Vary from absence of symptoms to vomiting of blood
Anemia
Edema
Melena
Anorexia
Abdominal pains
Septicemia, if perforation has occurred

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15
Q

How do you diagnose gastric ulceration?

A

Radiographs
Endoscope

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16
Q

How do you treat gastric ulceration?

A

Fluid therapy
Oral anti acid
Hydrogen antagonists
Sucralfate

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17
Q

What is gastric dilation with volvulus?

A

Stomach twists along longitudinal axis
Emergency

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18
Q

What are the signs of gastric dilation with volvulus?

A

Weakness, collapse
Depression
Nausea
Nonproductive retching
Hypersalvation
Abdominal pain and distensión
Increased heart rate and respiratory rates

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19
Q

How do you diagnose gastric dilation with volvulus?

A

History and physical exam
Radiographs
ECG
CBC and serum

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20
Q

How do you treat gastric dilation with volvulus?

A

To decompress stomach
Jugular catheter
Fluids
Bicarbonate

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21
Q

What is acute diarrhea?

A

Sudden onset usually result of a diet change, drug therapy and stress may cause a disruption of normal gut flora

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22
Q

What are the signs of acute diarrhea?

A

Acute onset diarrhea
Presence of absence of vomiting
Other signs

23
Q

How do you diagnose acute diarrhea?

A

Rule out other causes
Fecal sample
Hematocrit to monitor dehydration

24
Q

How do you treat acute diarrhea?

A

Supportive: fluids an electrolyte balance, nothing by stomach for 24hrs, intestinal absorbants, loperamide
Diagel orally
Antibiotics
Dietary: start on a bland low fat diet after 24 hours
Feed hills I/d canned food
Chicken or beef and rice

25
What is parasitic diarrhea?
Internal parasites cause diarrhea
26
What is viral diarrhea?
Most common caused by parvovirus, distemper, covid-19, feline panleukemia, young- animals
27
What is bacterial diarrhea?
Invasion of damage to intestinal epithelium by bacteria colonized Diet intolerance/ sensitivity- immune-mediated inflammatory or non immunologic , animal unable to handle certain substance in diet
28
What is intussusception?
Idiopathic but can be a result of a parasitical infestation, foreign bodies, infections, and neoplasms. When the smaller,proximal segment of the intestinal at the ileso colic junction, invaginates into the larger, more distal segment of the large bowel.
29
How do you diagnose intussusception?
Palpation of a sausage like mass in the cranial abdomen Ultra sound
30
What are the signs of intussusception?
Vomiting Anorexia Depression Diarrhea with or without blood in dogs
31
How do you treat intussusception?
Surgical Broad spectrum antibiotics Restrict solid food for 24 hours after surgery , then resume bland diet for 10-24 days to allow healing of the intestinal wall
32
What is constipation?
When a dog can’t poop
33
How do you treat constipation?
Enema Oral laxatives Restore fluid and electrolyte balance Manual removal of feces under anestesia if needed Pain medication
34
What is mega colon?
Distensión of colon result of instruction or severe complete constipation Caused by a defect inn neurostimulation mechanism promotes colon evaluation
35
How do you treat mega colon?
Medical Dietary Surgical Hospital care
36
What are the signs of mega colon?
Straining to defecate Vomiting Weakness Dehydration Anorexia Small hard feces or liquid feces with or without blood and mucus
37
How do you diagnose mega colon?
Physical exam Radiographs CBC
38
What is leptospirosis?
Caused by an infection with antigenically distinct Serovars of leptospira interrogans Host, skunk, raccoon, opossum, and pigs Bacteria ,contaminated soil She’d in urine and infects animals ZOONOTIC
39
What are the signs of leptospirosis?
Acute renal failure Dehydration Vomiting fever Increased thirst Reluctance to move Jaundice Peracute shock and death
40
How do you diagnose leptospirosis?
Serology Complete blood cell count Serum chemistry
41
How do you treat leptospirosis?
Preventive Supportive treatment IV fluids Antibiotics
42
What is a portosystemic shunts
Blood to bypass the the liver- portosystemic shunts
43
What are the signs of a portosystemic shunt?
Anorexia Depression Lethargy Episodic weakness Ataxia Head-pressing Circling,pacing, blindness Seizures Coma Hypersalvation Bizarre aggressive behavior Vomiting and diarrhea, stunted growth , failure to thrive, PU/PD Urinary- hematuria, ammonium bifurcate crystals
44
How do you diagnose portosystemic shunts?
Complete blood count Serum chemistry Radiographs
45
How do you treat portosystemic shunts?
Medical -fluid therapy, low protein diet,etc Surgical Post surgical Antibiotics ,fluid therapy,etc
46
What is pancreatitis?
Inflammation of the pancrease. Either acute or chronic Obese animals
47
What are the signs of pancreatitis?
Older,obese dog or cat with a history of a recent fatty meal Depression Anorexia Vomiting Presence or absence of diarrhea Dehydration Fever Presence or absence of abdominal pain Shock and collapse may develop
48
How do you diagnose pancreatitis?
Complete blood cell count
49
How do you treat pancreatitis?
Restore fluid and electrolyte balance Replace potassium if needed Suspend all oral intake for 3-4 days Antibiotics
50
What is perineal hernias?
Dogs older than 8 years old are associated with neurogenic atrophy of the elevator ani muscle and herniating of the rectum and other pelvic organs
51
What are the signs of perineal Hernias?
Reducible perineal swelling Tenesums Dyschezia Constipation Some dogs have a sign of urethral obstruction if the bladder is involved
52
How do you diagnose perineal hernias?
Recta palpation will reveal the hernia sac
53
How do you treat perineal hernias?
Medical- stool softeners,enemas Surgical herniorhaphy to correct the weakness in the pelvic diaphragm Castration

Diseases Of Cats And Dogs (7 decks)

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