Diseases of peripheral nervous system Flashcards
What is ddx, hx, PE and Ix for CNS lesions, peripheral nerves, NMJ disorders and muscle diseases?
Define radiculopathy, plexopathy and neuropathy (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, polyneuropathy)
□ Radiculopathy involving nerve roots
□ Plexopathy involving nerve plexus
□ Neuropathy involving nerves
→ Mononeuropathy: only one nerve affected
→ Mononeuritis multiplex: multiple sequential mononeuropathies
→ Polyneuropathy: symmetrical involvement of all/most peripheral nerves
How to classify diseases of the peripheral nerves?
What are the clinical features of diseases of the peripheral nerves?
What are the mechanisms of mononeuropathy?
□ Entrapment: damage to a nerve where it passes through a tight space
□ Trauma
□ Other focal lesions, eg. granulomatous inflammation
What are the causes of entrapment mononeuropathy?
What are the causes of mononeuritis multiplex?
What are the causes of polyneuropathy?
What are causes of acute and chronic axonal disease and what are there clinical features?
What are causes of acute and chronic demyelinating disease and what are there clinical features?
What are SS of polyneuropathy?
How to dx according to pattern of SS?
What ddx consideration for polyneuropathy?
What is the workup and Ix done?
What is disease modifying Tx and symptomatic Tx for polyneuropathy?
133 Antiganglioside antibodies (incl. anti-GQ1B, anti-GD3, anti-GM1) are associated with certain forms of GBS.
134 Anti-myelin associated glycoprotein antibodies are found in a rare form of CIDP-like polyneuropathy.
135 Anti-Hu and anti-Yo antibodies are often found in paraneoplastic neuropathies.
What is classical presentation of GBS?
What is associated disease?
What are the types?
What are the clinical features and SS of GBS?
What are the Ix done for GBS?
What is the Mx of GBS?
What is the prognosis?
What are SS of Miller Fisher syndrome?
What Ix?
What ddx?
What Mx?
Miller Fisher syndrome is a form of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Like MFS, GBS is an autoimmune disease triggered by an infection. But MFS tends to affect your upper body first, whereas GBS typically affects your lower body and then spreads upward. Common symptoms of GBS include back pain, breathing problems and muscle weakness in your feet, legs and hands. GBS is also more common than MFS.
What is the clinical features of CIDP?
What Ix done?
What is the ddx and Mx for CIDP?
What are causes and examples of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy?
Causes: genetics (mostly autosomal dominant), pathology: demyelinating, hypomyelination or axonal degenerative
Ex: Charcot Mariet Tooth disease (CMTD), hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP)
When is onset of Charcot Marie Tooth disease?
What is etiology?
What are SS?
What is the Ix done?
What kind of neuropathy is spinal muscular atrophy?
What gene association?
What is the classification type?
What are SS?
What is the Ix done to make dx?
What is Mx?
What is affected in motor neuron disease? Its pathology?
What are the variants?
What are causes of mixed UMN/LMN lesion?
What is the clinical presentation of motor neuron disease?
What is the PE, Ix and Mx for motor neuron disease?
What are the causes of toxic neuropathies?
What are the clinical features?
What is cause of MG?
What associated conditions?
What are the types of MG?
What are the clinical features of MG?
What are characteristic signs of MG?
What are the Ix done for MG?
What is the ddx for ocular MG and generalized MG?
What is the Mx for MG?
What is the approach to management of acute exacerbation of MG i.e. myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis?
Apart from MG what other myasthenic syndromes are there?
What is the SS, dx and Tx?
What are the inherited and acquired causes of muscles?
What are the clinical features of muscle diseases?
What are the Ix done?
What is the classification of muscular dystrophy?
What is the cause of X linked dystrophinopathies?
What is SS?
What is Mx?
What is cause of myotonia?
What are features?
What is clinical test?
What is the cause of myotonic dystrophy?
What are SS?
What is dx?
What is Mx?
What are the ion chanellopathies that can mainfest as myotonic syndromes?
What is the pathogenesis of periodic paralysis?
What is it characterized by?
What are the subtypes
What is the etiology of malignant hyperthermia?
What are the clinical features?
What Ix?
What is Mx?
What are the main types of inflammatory myopathies?
□ Dermatomyositis (DM)
□ Polymyositis (PM)
□ Inclusion body myositis (IBM)
□ Autoimmune necrotizing myopathy (AINM)
□ Overlap myositis (when a/w collagen vascular disease)
What are the SS of inflammatory myopathies?
Adult form a/w malignancy
What is the pathology, clinical course and SS of polymyositis vs dermatomyositis?
What is the Ix done for inflammatory myopathy?
How to make a dx?
What is the Mx?
What is the etiology of rhabdomyolysis?
What are clinical features of rhabdomyolysis?
What are the Ix?
What is the Mx?
What are the indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis?
Why is nerve conduction study done for GBS?
- Confirm the dx of GBS especially in atypical cases
- Determine the subtype of GBS (demyelinating vs axonal) which has prognostic implicationo
- Axonal has more severe course, greater short term morbidity and longer recovery –> has loss of amplitude
- Demyelination: prolonged conduction time
Criteria for MFS
