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A-CNS PATHO > Diseases of myelination of Neurodegenrative diseases > Flashcards

Diseases of myelination of Neurodegenrative diseases Flashcards

1
Q

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
___________________
كتاب أنزلناه إليك لتخرج الناس من الظلمات إلي” “النور بإذن ربهم إلي صراط العزيز الحميد
__________________________
Most dymelinationd diseases are ,,,,,matter diseases

A

White

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2
Q

Myelin is formed by

A

Oligodendroglial cells

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3
Q

Mention examples of demyelinating diseases :

A

=MS
=Acute Disseminated Encepalomyelities ADEM
=Viral infection of oligodendroglial cells PML prgressive multifactorial leukoencephalopathy
=Injury by drugs or toxins

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4
Q

Dysmyelinating diseases

A

Malfred or degective in myelin sheath

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5
Q

MS Is
,,,,disorder
Lesions in White matter
Episodes of replasing and remission
Neurological impairments
Age 20-40 yeasrs

A

Autoimmune

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6
Q

Ateriology of MS Describe

A

Genetic + environmental
loss of tolerance to self protein myelin ! foreign body
also Viral aetiology

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7
Q

Genetic lineage of MS sustepility is ?

A

HLA-DR2

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8
Q

MS IS autoimmune inflammaroty reaction in white matter of CNS
With:-

A

Demleination activation of T cells + MQs+ axonal injury loss=neurological impairment
_________________________

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9
Q

Pathogensis of MS:
gENTIC:
Genes encoding receptors for cytokines …..and……
Highly risk in first degree relatives , 25% in monozygotics
CD4+ AND …. AND…. PLAY CENTRAL ROLE IN MS
Demyelination occurs out of proptrion to axonal loss
Injury to axons caused by ?

A

HLD DR2
_____________
IL-2 AND IL-7
_________________
CD8+ and B cells
___________________
Toxics effects of lymphocytes macrophages and theri secterd molecules

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10
Q

C/P ACCORDING TO AREA AFFECTED

A

Visual
Cerebellar
Parasethisa
Weakness
spinal dysfunction
REPLAPSES + REMISSIONS

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11
Q

Symptoms Of MS

A

ALL BODY SYSTEMS
Fatigue -depression - cognintive impairment
Nystagmus diploian otic nerutits
dysarthria
dysphagis
MS sytesm
Sensation parin hypothesia parasthesia
Diarrheas constipaton
incontinence - frequency
retention

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12
Q

Most common symptoms in MS

A

tingling and numbness
walking diffuclties
Vision problems !
Dizness

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13
Q

MS chracteristic plaques

A

plaques of demylination ni white matter
multiple
well circumscribed
greyish
irreugular shapes
Present in Optic nerve chiasma
brainstem ascending and desdneding tracts in cerebellum and brain stem
The plaques are preventricular

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14
Q

MS chracteristic plaques

A

plaques of demylination ni white matter
multiple
well circumscribed
greyish
irreugular shapes
Present in Optic nerve chiasma
brainstem ascending and desdneding tracts in cerebellum and brain stem
The plaques are preventricular

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15
Q

Plaques of demyelination in MS found in ?

A

Present in Optic nerve
chiasma
brainstem
ascending and desdneding tracts in cerebellum and brain stem

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16
Q

Plaques are ,,,

A

Preventricular

17
Q

Micro of MS

A

Lymphocyts and Macrophages around mylein as prevascular cuffs
Macrophages containing Myelin debris

18
Q

Progrssive nervous sytsem dysfunction diseases called n

A

Neurodegenrative diseases

19
Q

Degnreation in NDDs Including neurons with

A

same function not usually location

20
Q

Neurodeneration in cortex occurs in which diseases ?

A

Alzhemir
Lewy body disease
frontotempral lobe dementia
Creutzfeld jakb disease

21
Q

Basla ganglia ?

A

Hyperkinetic movemnts
huntington

22
Q

Substania nigra

A

Akinetic rigid diseases
Parkinson

23
Q

Etiology of dementia

A

Primary Alzhemier
Secondary:
Vascular
Nutritional
Benign Tumors

24
Q

Reversible causes of dementia

A

NH2OV
1-Obstructive hydrocephlaus
2-Hypothioridsm
3-Neurosyphlils
4-Vit deficiency
5-HIV encephalitis

25
Q

Alzhemirs is

A

Autosomal dominait
sporadic
Early symptoms Memory loss !

26
Q

Symptoms of Alzhemir

A

Confusion
Recent memory loss
Attention loss
pernsonalit change
language difficulties

27
Q

Pathogenisis of Alzhemir ?

A

accumulation of extraneuronal Beta amyloids .
-due to mutation in APP(Amyloid percursor protein )
-or mutation of beta and gamma secretase responsilbe for its cleavage

28
Q

APP is hold on which chromosme ?

A

chromosome 21 !

29
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Internal accumulation of Tau proetins
normally helps in microtibules so helps in nutition transport and molecuels
found in axons
________________
Tau collapses into tangles aggrgating !

30
Q

Beta amyloid and tau accumulation ?

A

Betal amyloid cause hyperphosphrylation of proetin Tau causing its aggregation from axons to dendrites and cell bodies
neuronal dysfuncton and celldeath

31
Q

Presences of…… increasing risk of alzhemier 4FOLDS

A

Apolipoprotein E
Apo E4

32
Q

Microscopy of Alzhemir ?

A

Amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
AMYLOID angiopathy

33
Q

الحمدلله رب العالمين

A

A-CNS PATHO (7 decks)

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