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Y4 FA - Poultry > Diseases of commercial turkeys > Flashcards

Diseases of commercial turkeys Flashcards

1
Q

Which stage of production often correlated with respective disease?

A

Production phase

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2
Q

What is the slaughter age for male and female turkeys?

A

12-15w for females
18-21w for males

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3
Q

Turkeys less than 3 weeks old are called?

A

Chicks/poults/starters

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4
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of high mortality/poor growth in turkeys less than 3 weeks old?

A
  • Temperature/humidity/ventilation
  • Water/feeder problems
  • Arrived weak and poorly e.g. hatchery issues, transportation, parent bird
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • staveout = failure of chicks to find food and water
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5
Q

What are some infectious causes of high mortality/poor growth in turkeys less than 3 weeks old?

A
  • Naval/yolk sac infection
  • Viral turkey hepatitis
  • Coccidiosis
  • Aspergillosis
  • Staphylococcal infection
  • Avian encephalomyelitis
  • Mycotic keratoconjunctivitis
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6
Q

Turkeys are ‘growers’ from what age?

A

3 weeks to 12 weeks old

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7
Q

List some respiratory problems of growing turkeys

A

Mycoplasmosis
Turkey Rhinotracheitis
Colisepticaemia
Fowl cholera
NDV
AIV

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8
Q

List some causes of respiratory problems of growing turkeys

A

Mycoplasmosis
Turkey Rhinotracheitis
Colisepticaemia
Fowl cholera
NDV
AIV

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9
Q

List some causes of lameness in growing turkeys

A

Bacterial arthritis - staphylococcus, E.coli
Spondylosis

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10
Q

Broiler turkeys older than 12 weeks are called?

A

Finishers

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11
Q

Breeders turkeys over 12 weeks are known as?

A

Pullet

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12
Q

Breeder turkeys over how many weeks old are layers?

A

30 weeks

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13
Q

List some causes of respiratory problems in broiler finishers and pullet breeder turkeys

A

Fowl cholera
Aspergillosis
Chlamydiosis
NDV
AIV

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14
Q

List some causes of lameness in broiler finishers and pullet breeder turkeys

A

Bacterial arthritis
Long bone distortion
Osteomyelitis
Scoliosis

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15
Q

List some other problems seen in broiler finishers and pullet breeder turkeys

A

Internal parasites e.g. round worms
External parasites e.g. mites, lice
Pendulous crop
Breast blisters
Cannibalism
Turkey pox

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16
Q

Describe which turkeys are left in production at 30+ weeks

A

No broilers
Just layers

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17
Q

List 5 causes of a drop in egg production in turkey layers

A

NDV
AIV
Mycoplasmosis
Nutrition
Management

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18
Q

List some causes of respiratory problems in laying turkeys

A

Mycoplasmosis
Turkey rhinotracheitis
Colisepticaemia
Fowl cholera
NDV
AIV

19
Q

Which agent is involved in ‘wet litter’ disease?

A

E.coli

20
Q

List the factors that influence wet litter disease

A

Breed
Environment
Nutrition
Chilling
Enteric pathogens

21
Q

What is wet litter disease?

A

Enteritis
Imbalances of small intestinal – leading to watery faeces

22
Q

How is wet litter disease treated?

A

Antibiotics e.g. amoxicillin, tetracyclines, tylosin

23
Q

How can wet litter disease be prevented?

A
  • Immuno-competent and healthier birds
  • Proper nutrition (feed and feeding)
  • Water quality/hygiene
  • Probiotics/Competitive exclusion
  • Acidification – feed/water
24
Q

Eimeria meleagrimitis causes disease where in the body?

A

Lesions in the upper small intestine

25
Q

Eimeria adenoides causes disease where in the body?

A

Lesions in the caecum and rectum

26
Q

Why is eimeria diagnosis difficult in turkeys?

A

They are always present in turkeys

27
Q

How is Eimeria (coccidiosis) treated in turkeys?

A
  • Coccidiostats (eg. Lasalocid, monensin, diclazuril)
  • Antibiotics, eg. Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Tylosin
28
Q

‘Blackhead’ is caused by?

A

Histomonas meleagridis

29
Q

Name the intermediated host of Histomonas melagridis

A

Heterakis gallinarum

30
Q

What is the mortality rate of Histomonas?

A

Up to 100%

31
Q

How is Histomonas treated and prevented?

A

No specific treatment
Biosecurity – top priority
Control of worms – Heterakis, using Flubendazole

32
Q

Describe the features of turkey coronavirus disease

A
  • Severe depression but little/no mortality
  • High morbidity
  • Watery scour, 9-11 weeks. Affects the mucosa/pathology of the digestive tract
  • Some dullness
33
Q

Astrovirus affects turkeys at what age?

A

5-10do

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis and consequences of astrovirus?

A

Severe typhlitis (inflammation of the caecum)
- results in high culling
- severe economic loss

35
Q

Describe the appearance of the caecum when infected with astrovirus

A

Caecum is engorged with a yellowish colour frothy substance

36
Q

Rotavirus affects turkeys at what age?

A

2-3wo

37
Q

What are the main signs of rotavirus in turkeys

A

Enteritis, Vent pecking

38
Q

How is rotavirus prevented/treated?

A

No specific treatment
Hyperimmune egg powder
Maintain hydration
Biosecurity – top priority

39
Q

What is the main consequence of Erysipelas in turkeys?

A

Persistent high mortality

40
Q

How is Erysipelas treated and prevented?

A

Treatment – antibiotics, eg. Amoxicillin
Prevention – Vaccine (inactivated) available

41
Q

Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale causes what signs in turkeys?

A

Not much respiratory disease (unlike chickens)
Mild respiratory signs, 12-14 weeks
More of lameness due to joint infection

42
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Bordetellosis/turkey coryza

A

Upper respiratory tract infection and damages, leading to secondary infection – eg. E coli.

43
Q

Describe the mortality and morbidity of Bordetellosis/turkey coryza

A

Morbidity = 80-100%
Mortality = 0% to 40+% for complicated cases

Y4 FA - Poultry (7 decks)

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