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Y4 FA - Poultry > Diseases of commercial chickens > Flashcards

Diseases of commercial chickens Flashcards

1
Q

Commercial chickens are named as ‘chicks’ until what age?

A

2 weeks old

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2
Q

Commercial chicks are growers until what age?

A

From 2 weeks to 8/9 weeks

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3
Q

At what age are commercial broiler chickens ‘finishers’?

A

8/9 weeks

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4
Q

At what age are commercial layers named pullets

A

10 -17/18 wo

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5
Q

At what age are commercial breeders named pullets

A

10 - 25/26 wo

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6
Q

At what age are commercial layers named laying birds

A

From 17/18 wo

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7
Q

At what age are commercial breeders named laying birds

A

from 25/26 wo

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8
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of high mortality in commercial chicks?

A
  • Temperature/humidity/ventilation
  • Water/feeder problems
  • Arrived weak and poorly
  • Nutritional deficiencies
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9
Q

What are some infectious causes of high mortality in commercial chicks?

A
  • Navel/yolk sac infection e.g. Salmonella spp, E coli
  • Aspergillosis – hatchery?
  • Vaccine reactions – vaccination at hatchery
  • Avian encephalomyelitis
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10
Q

List some immunosuppressive diseases of growers and pullets

A

Infectious bursal disease virus
Chicken anaemia virus
Marek’s disease
Reoviruses
Mycotoxicosis

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection

A
  • Coughing/sneezing
  • Reduced weight gain
  • Reduced egg production
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12
Q

What are the lesions caused by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection?

A

Air sacculitis
Tracheitis
Bronchopneumonia

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13
Q

How is Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection treated/prevented?

A

Antibiotics – amoxycillin, chlortetracycline, macrolides
Vaccine (autogenous)
Biosecurity and management improvements

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14
Q

The acute form of Clostridial enteritis is seen at what age in commercial chickens?

A

Young chickens

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of clostrdium enteritis?

A

Depression, ruffled feathers, sudden death, increased mortality
Subclinical: weight gain, poor FCR

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16
Q

Describe the lesions caused by Clostridium enteritis

A

Necrosis of intestinal mucosa
Fibrinoectoric enteritis forming a diphtheritic membrane

17
Q

Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by what type of virus?

A

Picornavirus

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Avian encephalomyelitis?

A

Tremor of the head, neck and legs
Paralysis
Cataract
Drop in egg production

19
Q

How is Avian encephalomyelitis treated and prevented?

A

No treatment
Vaccination available

20
Q

Which bone is most commonly affected by dyschondroplasia?

A

Proximal tibiotarsus

21
Q

What are the 4 influencing factors of dyschondroplasia?

A
  • Genetic selection
  • Feed: calcium/phosphorus ratios
  • Acid: base balance in feed
  • Mycotoxins – reduces the bioavailability of nutrients to the bird
22
Q

Vitamin D deficiency causes what condition in birds?

A

Rickets

23
Q

Describe the grouping of commercial layers vs breeders

A

Commercial layers – female only groups. Produce eggs that are not going to hatch.
Breeders – produce eggs that will hatch. Females and males live together – natural mating in the house.

24
Q

Name the 4 most endemic diseases of poultry in the UK

A

Mycoplasmas
Infectious bronchitis virus
Avian metapneumovirus
Infectious laryngotracheitis

25
Q

Most cases of peritonitis involve which agent?

A

E.coli

26
Q

What are 4 influencing factors of peritonitis?

A

Flock uniformity
Body weight
Stresses
Sources of bacteria e.g. water, air

27
Q

How can peritonitis be prevented?

A
  • Sustain body weight and uniformity
  • Reduce stress factors
  • Minimise bacterial challenges
  • Control the primary pathogens via vaccination
  • Vaccination against E coli
28
Q

Egg drop syndrome is caused by what type of virus?

A

Adenovirus

29
Q

What are the features/signs of egg drop syndrome?

A
  • About 5-50% drop in egg production, 3-4 weeks
  • Shell quality – may or may not be affected
  • No increase in mortality
  • Lesions – no specific, likely atrophy of ovary/oviduct
30
Q

How is egg drop syndrome treated/prevented?

A

No treatment
Vaccine available

Y4 FA - Poultry (7 decks)

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