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Medical Terminology > diseases and conditions (spring 25) > Flashcards

diseases and conditions (spring 25) Flashcards

1
Q

aplastic anemia

A

serious
bone marrow failure resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia`

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2
Q

folic acid deficiency anemia

A

inability to produce sufficient RBCs due to lack of folic acid

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3
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

destruction of RBCs
results in jaundice

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4
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

lack of sufficient iron in RBCs

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5
Q

pernicious anemia

A

chronic progressive anemia in people over 50 from deficient B12 needed for blood cell development

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6
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent shaped when oxygen is low

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7
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

infectious disease caused by HIV
destruction of CD4 T cells leading to opportunistic infections

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8
Q

coagulation disorders

A

any disruption/impairment in the ability to form blood clots/control bleeding

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9
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

abnormal blood clotting in small vessels
cuts off oxygen supply to distal tissues
results in damage to body organs

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10
Q

hemophilia

A

congenital hereditary disorder
deficiency in clotting factor 8/9, results in prolonged bleeding

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11
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

abnormal decrease in platelets from destruction or low production

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12
Q

graft rejection

A

recipients immune system identifies transplanted graft as foreign
attacks and destroys graft

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13
Q

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

A

complication after stem cell/BM transplant
transplant produces antibodies against recipients organs
can cause death

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14
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

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15
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

acute infectious disease caused by EBV
causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, lymphadenopathy of neck/armpits
in young adults and children

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16
Q

Kaposi sarcoma (KS)

A

cancer caused by herpes virus 8
affects skin, mucus membrane and can have extensive visceral involvement

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17
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling in single arm or leg from accumulation of lymph within tissues
caused by obstruction/disease in lymph vessels

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18
Q

lymphoma

A

any malignancy involving lymphocytes that commonly affect lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue

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19
Q

hodgkin lymphoma

A

malignancy of B cells in lymph nodes of neck or chest
can spread to nearby lymph nodes, spleen and sometimes BM

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20
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

any malignancy of B cells, T cells or NK cells that does not involve Reed-Sternberg cells

21
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignancy of the BM that affects plasma cells
proliferation of abnormal antibodies destroy healthy BM cells and weaken bone tissue

22
Q

sepsis

A

presence of bacteria/toxins in the blood

23
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

widespread autoimmune disease that affects the skin, brain, kidneys and joints
causes chronic inflammation

24
Q

thrombocythemia

A

overproduction of platelets leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders
result of platelet malformations

25
Q

bunion

A

deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally towards the other toes

26
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

compression of median nerve within carpal tunnel

27
Q

claudication

A

lameness, limping

28
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule
prevents normal mobility of tissue/joint

29
Q

crepitation

A

dry grating sound/sensation caused by bones rubbing together
fracture/joint destruction

30
Q

ganglion cysts

A

fluid filled tumor
develops along tendons/joints of wrists or hands
can appear in feet

31
Q

gout

A

joint inflammation caused by uric acid and crystal deposits in joint space

32
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of a vertebral disks center through outer edge
pain, numbness, weakness in one or both legs

33
Q

hypotonia

A

loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

34
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness
seen in eyes, faces, throat and limbs

35
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone

36
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of calcium and bone tissue
bones become porous, brittle and easily fractured
seen in postmenopausal women

37
Q

paget disease

A

chronic inflammation of the bones
thickening and softening of bones
most commonly affects long cones of legs, lower spin, pelvis and skull

38
Q

phantom limb

A

perceived sensation following amputation of a limb that it exists

39
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

40
Q

spinal curvatures

A

any persistent abnormal deviation of the vertebral column from ints normal position

41
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
right or left

42
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal curvature of upper portion of the spine

43
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine

44
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

any slipping of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it

45
Q

spondylosis

A

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues

46
Q

sprain and strain

A

overstretching or tearing of ligaments, muscle or tendon

47
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae

48
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity of one or both feet
the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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