diagnostics and procedures (spring 25) Flashcards
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
test that identifies the antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individuals own body cells
blood culture
test to determine presence of pathogens in the blood stream
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
screening test for deficiencies in clotting factors
measure length of time it takes for blood to clot
prothrombin time (PT)
test used to detect and diagnose bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders
lymphangiography
visualization of lymph channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium
determines blockages of lymphatic system
bone marrow aspiration
removal of bone marrow for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle
bone marrow transplant
infusion of healthy BM stem cells after destroying the diseased BM by chemotherapy/radiation/both
common to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, cancers
lymphadenectomy
removal of lymph nodes
common to control spread of cancers
immunotherapy
any form of treatment that alerts, enhances, stimulates, restores the body’s own natural immune mechanisms to treat diseases
transfusion
infusion of blood/blood products from one person to another
bone density test
noninvasive procedure
low energy x ray absorption to measure bone mineral density
measures bone of the spine, hip and forearm
discography
radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of contrast
myelography
radiography of the spinal cord after injection of contrast
identifies spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, etc.
amputation
partial/complete removal of an extremity
result of disease, trauma, or circulatory disorder
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
arthroclasia
surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
arthroscopy
visual exam of the interior of a joint and its structures
uses a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope
bone grafting
implantation/transplantation of bone tissue from one part of the body or another person to serve as a replacement for damaged/missing bone tissue
total hip replacement
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease
bone immobilization
procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
electromyography (EMG)
measures the concentration of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in rectum and urethra
Cystoscopy
examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology
biopsies of tumors/growths, remove polyps
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
determines the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea
Urinalysis (UA)
urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests and microscopic evaluation
Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)
imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium
(excretory urography)
Renal Nuclear Scan
nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during and after voiding using a contrast medium
Nephrostomy
opening created between the skin and kidney
drains urine through a tube when ureters are unable to do so
Urethral Stent Replacement
insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent/treat obstruction of urine flow from kidney
Dialysis
filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood
corrects electrolyte imbalances
Hemodialysis
dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste filled blood, filters it using dialysate, and returns the clean blood to patients bloodstream
Peritoneal Dialysis
dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a filter
flushes the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
aminocentesis
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac using ultrasound, a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
chronic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
colposcopy
visual exam of vagina and cervix with colposcope
papanicolaou (pap) test
exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix
pelvimetry
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus can pass through bony pelvis
mammography
radiographic exam of the breast
screens for breast cancer
cerclage
suturing of the cervix to prevent premature dilating during pregnancy
decreases chance of spontaneous abortion/preterm birth
cesarean section (c section)
incision of abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus
cryosurgery
freezing tissue to destroy cells
dilation and curettage (D&C)
widening of cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
hysterectomy
excision of uterus
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary treat tumor and some normal tissue that surrounds it
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of breast
mastectomy
removal of breast
total mastectomy
excision of entire breast, nipple, areola and involved overlying skin
modified radical mastectomy
excision of entire breast, lymph noses in underarm
chest muscles left intact
radical mastectomy
excision of entire breast, all underarm lymph noses and chest muscle walls under breast
reconstructive breast surgery
creation of breast shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed
tubal ligation
procedure that ties the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
intrauterine device (IUD)
small t shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
Digital rectal examination
screening test
evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate
prostate specific antigen
blood test
detects prostatic disorders
semen analysis
analyzes semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility and morphology
evaluates fertility or verify sterilization after vasectomy
circumcision
removal of foreskin
orchiopexy
fixation of the testes in the scrotum
prostatectomy
removal of all or part of the prostate
vasectomy
removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens for male sterilization
brachytherapy of the prostate
radiation oncology procedure
radioactive seeds are placed directly within or near the tumor to destroy malignant cells
cryotherapy of the prostate
freezing of the prostate causing cancer cells to die
A1c test
blood test used to diagnose T1 and T2 diabetes
average blood glucose level for past 2-3 months
glycated hemoglobin
fasting blood sugar
test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours
glucose tolerance test
screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered
blood samples taken at intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood
insulin tolerance test
insulin injected into the vein
severe hypoglycemia to assess GH and cortisol reserve
thyroid function test
test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
total calcium test
test that measures blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption or overreactive thyroid
parathyroidectomy
excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands
controls hyperparathyroidism
thyroidectomy
excision of entire thyroid gland, a part of it or a single lobe
Electroencephalography
recording of electrical activity in the brain
Electromyography
recording of electrical signals that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction
Lumbar puncture
needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents or remove fluid
Nerve conduction velocity
test the measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
lab test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that helps diagnose disorders of the CNS (viral/bacterial infections, tumors and hemorrhage)
Discography
CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of contrast
detects problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots
Myelography
radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord
with contrast
Thalamotomy
partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting
relieves ICP due to hydrocephalus by diverting excess CSF from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity
Intravenous Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
treatment of ischemic stroke using tissue plasminogen activator (potent clot busting drug) injected directly into a vein
Plasmapheresis
extracorporeal procedure to treat patients with autoimmune diseases by removing their plasma containing the offending antibodies and replacing it with donor plasma
audiometry
measurement of hearing acuity at differing sound wave frequencies and volumes
detects hearing impairment
caloric stimulation test
test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear
determines if nerve damage is from vertigo
opthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye
detects eye disorders
retinoscopy
evaluation of the refractive errors of the eye
projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays
tuning fork tests
hearing tests using a vibrating tuning fork to determine type of hearing loss
visual acuity test
part of an eye exam that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart
read 20 feet
blepharoplasty
cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes
cochlear implant insertion
placement of an artificial hearing five that produces hearing sensations
LASIK surgery
uses a specialized laser passed through a temporary flap made in the cornea to reshape underlying corneal tissue
otoplasty
corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna
ear irrigation
flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen (earwax)
eye refraction test
visual acuity test to determine the prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses
