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Medical Terminology > Diseases And Conditions > Flashcards

Diseases And Conditions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal fibrous band that holds together normally separate tissues

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2
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces
Failure to drain

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3
Q

Febrile

A

Fever

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4
Q

Gangrene

A

Death and decay of soft tissue

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5
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of organ through structure

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6
Q

Inflammation

A

Body defense against injury
Redness, swelling

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7
Q

Mycosis

A

Fungal infection in or on body

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8
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of peritoneum
Serous membrane surrounding abdominal cavity

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9
Q

Rupture

A

Sudden breaking or bursting of structure or organ

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10
Q

Septicemia

A

Bacterial infection of tissues that spreads to blood

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11
Q

Suppuration

A

Pus formation

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12
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus at site of infection

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13
Q

Acne

A

Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

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14
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete hair loss resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug reaction

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15
Q

Bowen Disease

A

Early form of skin cancer, easily curable and red, scaly patch of skin
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ

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16
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse, acute infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue

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17
Q

Chloasma

A

Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots

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18
Q

Comedo

A

Small skin lesions of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging

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19
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow

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20
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area
Bruise

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21
Q

Eczema

A

Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, scales, crusts, and itching

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22
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin caused by swelling of capillaries

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23
Q

Eschar

A

Dead matter that is slouched off from surface of skin, especially after a burn

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24
Q

Impetigo

A

Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

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25
Q

Keratosis

A

Thickened area of epidermis or any horny growth on skin

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26
Q

Lentigo

A

Small brown macules, on face and arm, brought on by sun exposure

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27
Q

Pallor

A

Unnatural paleness or absence of color in skin

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28
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear

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29
Q

Petechia

A

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under skin

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30
Q

Pruritus

A

Intense itching

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31
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales and excessive development of basal layer

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32
Q

Purpura

A

Any several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into tissues

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33
Q

Scabies

A

Contagious skin disease transmitted by itch mite, commonly through sexual contact

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34
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates body part affected
Ringworm

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35
Q

Urticaria

A

Allergic reaction of skin characterized by eruption of pale red, elevated patches

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36
Q

Verruca

A

Epidermal growth caused by a virus

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37
Q

Vitiligo

A

Localized loss of skin pigmentation

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38
Q

Allergy Skin Test

A

Test which suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into skin to determine sensitivity

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39
Q

Culture & Sensitivity

A

Lab test to determine presence of pathogens in patients with wound infections and identify drug therapy

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40
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents

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41
Q

Anorexia

A

lack/loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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42
Q

Appendicitis

A

Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection

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43
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen

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44
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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45
Q

Cachexia (wasting syndrome)

A

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and its commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer

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46
Q

Choleithiasis

A

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

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47
Q

cirrhosis

A

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

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48
Q

Crohn disease (regional enteritis)

A

Form of IBD, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract

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49
Q

dysentery

A

Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

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50
Q

flatus

A

Gas in the GI tract
Expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

51
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Backflow of gastric contents in the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

52
Q

Halitosis

A

Foul smelling breath

53
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

54
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorizes as external or internal

55
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

Mechanical or functional blockage of the intestine that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel

56
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)

A

Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typical constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined

57
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

58
Q

melena

A

Dark, tar like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

59
Q

obesity

A

Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

60
Q

morbid obesity

A

Obesity in which BMI is greater than 40, generally 100 lb or more over the ideal body weight

61
Q

obstipation

A

Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

62
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation

63
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

64
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

65
Q

Regurgitation

A

A backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

66
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon

67
Q

Abnormal breath sounds

A

Abnormal sounds or noises heard over lungs and airways

68
Q

Crackle

A

Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli

69
Q

Rhonchus

A

Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in larger airways, kinda snoring

70
Q

Stridor

A

High-pitched, harsh sound caused by spasm or swelling or larynx or obstruction in upper airway

71
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium; angina pectoris

72
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; dysrhythmia

73
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult

74
Q

Fibrillation

A

Abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

75
Q

Heart block

A

Interference with the normal transmission of the electrical impulses from the SA node to the purkinje fibers

76
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute

77
Q

Bruit

A

Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvulvar action
the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction
also called a murmur

78
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

79
Q

Wheeze

A

Whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of lumen of respiratory passageway

80
Q

coarctation

A

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

81
Q

Embolism

A

Intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life threatening situations

82
Q

Heart failure

A

Disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body

83
Q

Acidosis

A

Excessive acidity of body fluids

84
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive amounts of lipids in the blood

85
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

86
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg

87
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

88
Q

Anosmia

A

Absence of sense of smell

89
Q

Palpitation

A

Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat or flutter

90
Q

Apnea

A

Breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing patient to awaken, grasping for air

91
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A

Common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially of the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis

92
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (legs more common)

93
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve

94
Q

Syncope

A

Partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain
also called fainting

95
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

96
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

97
Q

Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)

A

Form of sleep apnea that occurs when brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

98
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

A

Caused by upper airway blockage that prevents adequate flow of air to lungs

99
Q

Mixed Sleep Apnea

A

Central sleep apnea and obstructive occurs simultaneously

100
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed or airless state of lung, may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of lung

101
Q

Coryza

A

Acute inflammation of membranes of nose

102
Q

Croup

A

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages

103
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

A

Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucous to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts

104
Q

Deviated Nasal Septum

A

Displacement of cartilage dividing nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed

105
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Severe, life-threatening infection of epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs in children 2-12

106
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nasal hemorrhage
Nosebleed

107
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, sign of respiratory impairment and can cause hypoxia

108
Q

Hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in body or region of body that can cause cyanosis

109
Q

Influenza

A

Acute, contagious viral disorder of respiratory tract, weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain

110
Q

Pertussis

A

Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has ‘whoop’ sound

111
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting expansion of lungs

112
Q

Empyema

A

Exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in pleural cavity, commonly a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from lungs

113
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Presence of air in pleural cavity, commonly caused by blunt or penetrating chest injury or as result of thoracic surgery

114
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleural membrane, stabbing pain intensified by coughing or deep breathing

115
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused by heart failure

116
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blockage in artery of lungs caused by mass of undissolved matter that has traveled to lungs from another part of body

117
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months

118
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ or body. Chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue , night sweats

119
Q

Mantoux Test

A

TB screening test in which injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath surface of skin to identify previous exposure

120
Q

Pulmonary Functions Tests (PFTs)

A

Series of tests to aid in diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments

121
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

122
Q

Sputum Culture

A

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of lower respiratory tract

123
Q

Endotracheal Intubation

A

Procedure in which plastic tube is inserted into trachea to maintain an open airway

124
Q

Perforation

A

Hole that completely penetrates a structure

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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