Diseases And Conditions Flashcards
Adhesion
Abnormal fibrous band that holds together normally separate tissues
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces
Failure to drain
Febrile
Fever
Gangrene
Death and decay of soft tissue
Hernia
Protrusion of organ through structure
Inflammation
Body defense against injury
Redness, swelling
Mycosis
Fungal infection in or on body
Peritonitis
Inflammation of peritoneum
Serous membrane surrounding abdominal cavity
Rupture
Sudden breaking or bursting of structure or organ
Septicemia
Bacterial infection of tissues that spreads to blood
Suppuration
Pus formation
Abscess
Localized collection of pus at site of infection
Acne
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Alopecia
Partial or complete hair loss resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug reaction
Bowen Disease
Early form of skin cancer, easily curable and red, scaly patch of skin
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Cellulitis
Diffuse, acute infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue
Chloasma
Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots
Comedo
Small skin lesions of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging
Decubitus Ulcer
Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow
Ecchymosis
Skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area
Bruise
Eczema
Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, scales, crusts, and itching
Erythema
Redness of the skin caused by swelling of capillaries
Eschar
Dead matter that is slouched off from surface of skin, especially after a burn
Impetigo
Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
Keratosis
Thickened area of epidermis or any horny growth on skin
Lentigo
Small brown macules, on face and arm, brought on by sun exposure
Pallor
Unnatural paleness or absence of color in skin
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
Petechia
Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under skin
Pruritus
Intense itching
Psoriasis
Chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales and excessive development of basal layer
Purpura
Any several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into tissues
Scabies
Contagious skin disease transmitted by itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
Tinea
Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates body part affected
Ringworm
Urticaria
Allergic reaction of skin characterized by eruption of pale red, elevated patches
Verruca
Epidermal growth caused by a virus
Vitiligo
Localized loss of skin pigmentation
Allergy Skin Test
Test which suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into skin to determine sensitivity
Culture & Sensitivity
Lab test to determine presence of pathogens in patients with wound infections and identify drug therapy
Debridement
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
Anorexia
lack/loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
Appendicitis
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen
Borborygmus
Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
Cachexia (wasting syndrome)
Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and its commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
Choleithiasis
Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
cirrhosis
Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
Crohn disease (regional enteritis)
Form of IBD, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
dysentery
Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea
flatus
Gas in the GI tract
Expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Backflow of gastric contents in the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
Halitosis
Foul smelling breath
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
hemorrhoids
Swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorizes as external or internal
intestinal obstruction
Mechanical or functional blockage of the intestine that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel
Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)
Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typical constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined
malabsorption syndrome
Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
melena
Dark, tar like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
obesity
Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight
morbid obesity
Obesity in which BMI is greater than 40, generally 100 lb or more over the ideal body weight
obstipation
Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
Oral leukoplakia
Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pyloric stenosis
Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
Regurgitation
A backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon
Abnormal breath sounds
Abnormal sounds or noises heard over lungs and airways
Crackle
Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli
Rhonchus
Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in larger airways, kinda snoring
Stridor
High-pitched, harsh sound caused by spasm or swelling or larynx or obstruction in upper airway
Angina
Chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium; angina pectoris
Arrhythmia
Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; dysrhythmia
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult
Fibrillation
Abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles
Heart block
Interference with the normal transmission of the electrical impulses from the SA node to the purkinje fibers
Tachycardia
Abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute
Bruit
Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvulvar action
the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction
also called a murmur
cardiomyopathy
Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
Wheeze
Whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of lumen of respiratory passageway
coarctation
Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
Embolism
Intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life threatening situations
Heart failure
Disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body
Acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids
Hyperlipidemia
Excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg
Hypotension
Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg
Mitral valve prolapse
Structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
Anosmia
Absence of sense of smell
Palpitation
Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat or flutter
Apnea
Breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing patient to awaken, grasping for air
Peripheral artery disease
Common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially of the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (legs more common)
Rheumatic heart disease
Serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve
Syncope
Partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain
also called fainting
Thrombosis
Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation
Deep vein thrombosis
Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)
Form of sleep apnea that occurs when brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Caused by upper airway blockage that prevents adequate flow of air to lungs
Mixed Sleep Apnea
Central sleep apnea and obstructive occurs simultaneously
Atelectasis
Collapsed or airless state of lung, may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of lung
Coryza
Acute inflammation of membranes of nose
Croup
Common childhood condition involving inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucous to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts
Deviated Nasal Septum
Displacement of cartilage dividing nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed
Epiglottitis
Severe, life-threatening infection of epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs in children 2-12
Epistaxis
Nasal hemorrhage
Nosebleed
Hypoxemia
Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, sign of respiratory impairment and can cause hypoxia
Hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency in body or region of body that can cause cyanosis
Influenza
Acute, contagious viral disorder of respiratory tract, weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain
Pertussis
Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has ‘whoop’ sound
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting expansion of lungs
Empyema
Exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in pleural cavity, commonly a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from lungs
Pneumothorax
Presence of air in pleural cavity, commonly caused by blunt or penetrating chest injury or as result of thoracic surgery
Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleural membrane, stabbing pain intensified by coughing or deep breathing
Pulmonary Edema
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused by heart failure
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage in artery of lungs caused by mass of undissolved matter that has traveled to lungs from another part of body
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months
Tuberculosis (TB)
Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ or body. Chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue , night sweats
Mantoux Test
TB screening test in which injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath surface of skin to identify previous exposure
Pulmonary Functions Tests (PFTs)
Series of tests to aid in diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
Sputum Culture
Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of lower respiratory tract
Endotracheal Intubation
Procedure in which plastic tube is inserted into trachea to maintain an open airway
Perforation
Hole that completely penetrates a structure
