Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
Apnea
Absence of breathing
Bradypnea
Slow rate of breathing
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
¨Death rattle¨ periods of apnea then an increasing rate
Dyspnea
Bad, difficult, painful breathing
Eupnea
good, normal breathing
Hyperpnea
excessive breathing…during inhalation/exhalation; rate not affected
Hyperventilation
¨excessive breathing¨ with tachypnea…often results in low CO2 levels in blood
Hypoventilation
shallow breathing, normal rate
Orthopnea
position of the patient affects breathing quality
Tachypnea
Fast breathing…so, greater than 20 breaths per min
Rales
skip (abnormal lung sounds)
Rhonchi
skip (abnormal lung sounds)
Stridor
skip (abnormal lung sounds)
Wheeze
skip (abnormal lung sounds)
Aspiration
to inhale something into your lungs other than air. i.e. vomit, water
Asthma
Usu due to an allergen; constriction of bronchial tubes and increased mucus
Triggers: exercise or pollen or both
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung…due to airway obstruction, hypoventilation, fluid buildup (easily treated)(pneumothorax d/t trauma) Coronary Heart Failure (CHF) can be a cause as well
Bronchitis
inflam. Of the bronchus (can be simple cough)
Bronchogenic Carcinoma (lung cancer)
smoking, inhaling fumes,…2nd most common in us.
Bronchospasm
constriction of the bronchus
(COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Category of diseases (anything in the way of ventilation)
Common Cold
viral infection of the respiratory tract often Dx as URI (upper respiratory infection
Croup
viral infection of the larynx…usu small children…has characteristic ¨barking¨ cough (makes vocal cords constrict as well as airway) (cough sounds like seal barking)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
genetic condition where your body overproduces mucus everywhere…shaky vest (thick mucus_
Emphysema
1 type of COPD…alveolar walls develop scar tissue…why? same as cancer
Empyema
pus in the pleural cavity (pus=infection)
Hay Fever
allergies
Influenza
med term for flu, caused by the virus
Pleural Effusion
fluid buildup in pleural space can cause atelectasis
Pneumonia
fluid in lungs due to illness/aspiration; illness can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or chemical
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
blockage of the blood supply by a blood clot to the lungs. Usu post op
Sleep Apnea
Condition in which you have short periods of apnea during the night-Tx is CPAP (stop breathing at night) (can sleep for long time and still be tired) (can´t be active)
Sputum
a collection of mucus coughed up from the lung. Usu sent to lab to investigate/phlegm
Strep Throat
bacterial infection of the pharynx…caused by the streptococcus bacteria
Tuberculosis
(TB) Bacteria that infects the lungs
Bronchoscopy
Using a camera to look inside the lungs
Chest X-Ray
X-ray of lung to look for fluid or collapsed lung
Oximetry
¨Mr.Pinchy¨…pulse oxi meter- measures oxygen in your blood. Respiration measurement
Polysomnography
Sleep study to watch brain waves and detect anomalies
Pulmonary Angioplasty
Check for clots in blood vessel that supply the lungs. Much like a coronary angioplasty, you squirt dye into lung arteries to check
Spirometry
Test to record the volume of air a person can inhale/exhale
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)
Blood test to EXACTLY measure oxygen saturation in the blood. More accurate than oximetry VERY EXACT
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
Viral infection of the bronchial trees. Basic cold-like symptoms. For very young and very old, bronchus can constrict or spasm
Aerosol Therapy
Nebulizar…Medicine that is aerosolized
Cardiopulmonary Restriction
CPR
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Treatment for sleep apnea…keeps airway open while asleep. It is a mask
Endotracheal (ET) Intubation
Breathing tube placed in airway for a ventilator or manual respiration. AKA trach tube
Ventilator
Used to assist patient with breathing
Antihistamine
Used to calm autoimmune (allergy) reactions. Interferes with inflammatory pathways. EX: Benadryl
Antitussive
cough suppressant…can be bad because mucus can build up in the lungs due to not coughing up sputum
Bronchodilator
Dilates bronchi and airway. Works on the smooth muscle in the bronchi
Decongestant
Shrinks swollen mucous membrane and blood vessels in upper respiratory tract to relieve pressure and congestion. EX: Sudafed or anything with ¨D¨ at the end
Expectorant
Thins and loosens the mucous in the airway to make it easier to cough up or be processed by the lymphatic system
Mucolytic
Same as expectorant
Inhaler
Aerosolized corticosteroids. Used for asthma