Ch.8 Digestive System

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

Physical and chemical breakdown of food so it can be used by the body

Question 2

Ingestion

Answer 2

intake of food and liquid

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

breakdown of food

Question 4

Absorption

Answer 4

movement of nutrients into bloodstream

Question 5

Elimination

Answer 5

removal of waste from body

Question 6

Mouth

Answer 6

receives food into the oral cavity as it is tasted and broken down by the teeth (mastication)

Question 7

Teeth

Answer 7

hard structures in the mouth that breakdown food by chewing

Question 8

Tongue

Answer 8

muscular organ that contains taste buds. Aids in chewing/swallowing (deglutition)

Question 9

Salivary Glands

Answer 9

Secrete amylase that aids in chemical breakdown of starchy foods

Question 10

Pharynx

Answer 10

(throat) carries both food, liquid, and air
-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharnx

Question 11

Esophagus

Answer 11

muscular tube that carries the food to the stomach. Relies on peristalsis to move the food

Question 12

Stomach

Answer 12

receives food from the esophagus. Food usually remains in the stomach for 1-4 hours

Question 13

Small Intestine

Answer 13

process of digestion is completed here
-17-20 feet long/1 inch in diameter
-3 section: duodenum, (jejunum, ileum)=obsorbtion of nutrients

Question 14

Colon (Large Intestine)

Answer 14

absorbs liquid (water and remaining indigestible materials (feces) which are excreted from the body at the anus
-5 feet long/ 2 inches in diameter
-6 parts: cecum/appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum

Question 15

Rectum

Answer 15

last part of the large intestine that stores waste before it passes out of the body through an opening called the anus

Question 16

Feces

Answer 16

(stool) indigestible waste expelled through the anus (opening at lower end of the digestive tract)

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

-Storage of nutrients
-Breaks down fats and helps remove wastes from the body
-Coverts glycogen to glucose for energy
-Makes bile (breaks down fatty foods)
-Located in RUQ

Question 18

Gallbladder

Answer 18

stores and concentrates bile (small sac located inferior to the liver)

Question 19

Pancreas

Answer 19

Produces enzymes for digestion and neutralizes acid

Question 20

Pathway of Food through Digestive System

Answer 20

Mouth-> Pharynx->Esophagus->Stomach->Small Intestine->Large Intestine->Rectum->Anus