Diseases and Body Defense Flashcards
what are communicable diseases?
diseases that are infectious and caused by pathogens
what do pathogens include?
viruses
bacteria
protists
fungi
How is HIV transmitted?
infected body fluids
sex ,blood transfusion,needles,breastmilk
How is influenza transmitted?
airborne like sneezing
how is measles transmitted?
direct touch
rash forms
What are some bacterial diseases?
salmonella
what does a vaccine contain?
dead or inactive pathogen that stimulate an immune response
what is preclinical testing?
testing doesnt involve humans but is tested on animals
what is clinical testing?
involves human testing
beginning - few healthy people
then few patients
then many patients including with placebo
what are non communicable diseases?
not infectious
and caused by interaction of many factors
examples of non communicable disesases?
cardiovascular diseases
some lung and liver diseases
type 2 diabtets
what conditions include CVD?
coronary heart disease - heart vessels become blocked
hyper tension - high blood pressure
stroke - brain deprived of o2 or glucose and the brain cells die
what life long medication can be taken for CVD?
statins - reduce production of cholesterol - which can cause blockages
anti-coagulants - cause blood vessels to relax and reduce blood pressure
anti-hypertensive drugs - cause blood vessels to relax and reduce blood pressure
what does a stent do?
placed in the coronary artery to increase diameter so there’s no restriction of blood
what is a bypass?
small section of blood vessel is taken from another part of the body
and used to reroute blood around blockage of the coronary artery
