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My Child Health > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is meconium ileum associated with

A

Cystic fibrosis

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2
Q

Why does CF cause meconium ileus

A

Meconium blocks the lumen of the bowl due to increase stickiness of the intestinal tract

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3
Q

XR sign for meconium ileus

A

Soap bubble sign

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4
Q

Symptoms of meconium ileus

A

Bowels not opened in first 48 hours of life

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5
Q

What is duodenal atresia

A

Congenital malformation of the bowel where the intestine is completely closed off causing complete obstruction preventing the passage of food and fluids

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6
Q

Diseases associated with duodenal atresia

A

Polyhydramnios, Down’s syndrome, cardiac abnormalities, prematurity

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7
Q

Symptoms of duodenal atresia

A

Bilious/non-bile stained vomiting in 24-38 hours of life (depending on whether its before/after the ampulla of Vater)

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8
Q

XR sign for duodenal atresia

A

Double bubble on XR

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9
Q

Treatment of duodenal atresia

A

NG tube + IV fluids, surgery= duodena-duodenostomy

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10
Q

What is biliary atresia

A

Failure of biliary tract to develop causing scarring and blockage of bile ducts, preventing the passage of bile out of the liver, causes and accumulation of conjugated bilirubin in the blood which cannot enter the intestinal tract

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11
Q

Symptoms of biliary atresia

A

Prolonged jaundice > 14 days + pale, chalky white stools

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12
Q

Cause of inguinal hernia

A

Failure of processes vaginalis to close allowing a loop of bowel to become stuck in inguinal canal

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13
Q

What is volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel causing intestinal blockage, twisting of the mesentery surrounding the bowel can cut off blood supply to the midgut

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14
Q

Symptoms of volvulus

A

Bilious vomiting (mossy green colour)

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15
Q

What is necrotising enterocolitis

A

Inflammation of the bowel leading to necrosis, dead bowel perforates and leaks contents into the abdomen, bacteria enters bloodstream causing sepsis

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16
Q

Symptoms of necrotising enterocolitis

A

Passage of blood + mucous, distended abdomen, sepsis

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17
Q

Investigations of necrotising enterocolitis

A

Stool cultures, abdo XR

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18
Q

Treatment of necrotising enterocolitis

A

Stop feeding orally, broad spectrum antibiotics, parental nutrition, surgery

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19
Q

What is Hirschsprung disease

A

A congenital abnormality resulting in lack of parasympathetic ganglion in the intestine causing an absence of peristalsis causing functional obstructin

20
Q

Symptoms of Hirschsprung disease

A

Failure to pass stool in the first 48 hours of life, abdominal distension, bile-stained vomiting, narrowed segment on rectal examination with gush of liquid tools on withdrawal of finger

21
Q

Epidemiology of pyloric stenosis

A

Boys, first born, familial occurrence, 2-7 weeks old

22
Q

Pathogenesis of pyloric stenosis

A

Thickening of pylorus muscle preventing passage of materials through the pylorus

23
Q

Symptoms of pyloric stenosis

A

Projectile non bile stained vomiting, frequency + severity increases as the child grows

24
Q

Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis

A

US, pyloric mass present in RUQ, test feed

25
Q

Treatment of pyloric stenosis

A

IV fluid for resuscitation and correct electrolytes, surgery-= Rundstedt’s pyloromyotomy

26
Q

Diseases associated with coeliac disease

A

Positive family history, T1DM, Down’s syndrome, IgA deficiency, dermatitis herpetiformis

27
Q

Symptoms of coeliac disease

A

Irritability, loose stools, abdomen distension, buttock wasting

28
Q

Diagnosis of coeliac disease

A

Jejunal biopsy to confirm villus atrophy, screen for IgA gliadin antibodies

29
Q

What is Gilbert’s Syndrome

A

Mild liver disorder where the liver doesn’t properly process bilirubin, jaundice is usually worse when the patient is under physiological stress such as infection

30
Q

What is intussusception

A

Part of the bowel has invaded telescopically into the next part of the bowel

31
Q

Presentation of intussusception

A

Cough, cold, off their food, high pitch cry, severe colicky abdomen pain, palpable sausage shaped mass, vomiting, red jelly-like stools

32
Q

Diagnosis of intussusception

A

US= target lesion, blood on rectal exam, AXR

33
Q

Treatment of intussusception

A

Air reduction

34
Q

Symptoms of appendicitis

A

Pain starts centrally and migrates towards RIF, pain on road bumps + jumping

35
Q

Diagnosis of appendicitis

A

US

36
Q

Treatment of appendicitis

A

Appendicectomy

37
Q

What increases risk of RDS

A

C-section delivery

38
Q

What causes RDS

A

Surfactant deficiency causing alveolar collapse

39
Q

Symptoms of RDS

A

Increased work of breathing + hypoxia, cyanosis, subcostal + intercostal recession, expiratory grunting

40
Q

Diagnosis of RDS

A

Ground glass appearance on XR

41
Q

Treatment of RDS

A

Avoid hypoxia, acidosis + hypothermia, CPAP machine, ventilate + give surfactant

42
Q

Most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children

A

Rotavirus

43
Q

What is HUS

A

Commonest cause of AKI in children, destruction of red blood cells causing kidney damage

44
Q

Causes of HUS

A

Atypical/sporadic or E.Coli 0157

45
Q

Symptoms of HUS

A

Blood in diarrhoea, oliguria, haematuria, kidney failure

46
Q

Diagnosis of HUS

A

FBC, gram film, PCR for E.Coli, stools microscopy + culture, U and Es, LFTs

47
Q

Treatment of HUS

A

Monitor electrolytes + fluid balance, blood transfusion, treat hypertension

My Child Health (10 decks)

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