diseases Flashcards
what is cystic fibrosis?
a genetic disorder caused by recessive allele but both parents must have it
what happens to individuals with cystic fibrosis but only 1 faulty allele?
may not know and are unaffected by it
what part of the body is affected during cystic fibrosis?
glands lining the bronchi which produce very thick mucus are affected making it hard to cough up
what is common with cystic fibrosis?
respiratory infections and the pancreas is also affected
what are the main treatments of cystic fibrosis?
physiotherapy to aid in mucus removal
pancreatic medication
if severe lung transplant
what is sickle cell disease?
a disease caused by a defective allele that interferes with normal production of red blood cells which carry oxygen in blood
where is abnormal haemoglobin contained?
inside crescent-shaped red blood cells
where does abnormal haemoglobin get stuck?
in smaller blood vessels such as capillaries and arterioles
what does sickle cell disease do damage to?
body cells which causes intense pain
what is the sickle cell allele?
recessive allele
to inherit full sickle cell anaemia what must happen?
both parents have to have the recessive allele
what happens if an individual only has 1 recessive allele in sickle cell disease?
they will have sickle cell traits in which the individual produces some sickled cells but which contains normal haemoglobin
what are the effects of sickle cell disease?
breathlessness
lack of energy
tiredness
what do individuals with sickle cell disease have?
an increased risk of stroke and infections
what is Down syndrome caused by?
a chromosome mutation resulting form an extra chromosome at 21st pair
what are the effects of downs syndrome?
short height flattened nose high cheekbones wide hands folds of skin around upper eyelids learning disabilities head defects
who is at greater risk of having down syndrome?
pregnant women who are older are at higher risk of having babies with down syndrome as their ova is quite old
what does the heart do?
forces blood around the body through a system of blood vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries
what does blood carry to body cells?
dissolved oxygen
what does hypertension do to the heart?
high blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic decreasing flow of blood and oxygen to the heart
what can hyper tension lead to?
heart disease
what is the cause of hyper tension?
smoking overweight stress older age genetics
