Disease Prevention - Intervention Flashcards

Question

"Healthy eating example and use the 3As framwork...

Answer 1

ASK "Are you interested in making changes to what you eat?" ADVISE Eat well including plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables A healthy diet can reduce your risk of cancer, stroke, type 2 diabetes and heart disease Eating well can make you feel better about yourself and give you more energy Food plays a vital role in achieving and maintaining a healthy weight Fruit and vegetables are part of a healthy balanced diet They’re a good source of vitamins and minerals, including folate, vitamin C and potassium Advise your client to try the following:- 5-a-day: aim to eat 5 portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables each day Snack swap: swap high fat and high sugar snacks to healthier options such as fruit, diet yoghurts, vegetable sticks with lower fat dips, Portion swap: reduce your portion sizes, use a smaller plate. Aim for a third of your plate to be vegetables as this will help you to feel full. It takes a while for our brains to register we are full so try eating more slowly. Choose smaller portions of take away and convenience foods. ACT Signpost your client to: Change 4 Life website – www.change4lifewales.org.uk

Answer 2

ASK "Are you interested in being more active?“ ADVISE Move more and more often Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per week including some physical activity each day in periods of 10 minutes or more Being active helps to reduce and maintain weight, reduces stress and lifts mood, strengthens bones and muscles and decreases the risk of developing chronic conditions and diseases, including heart disease, diabetes and strokes Advise your client to try the following: Build walking and cycling into daily living routines by walking to the shops, to work, to school, or when visiting family and friends Go out for a brisk walk most days Make use of the parks and green spaces Use the car less and make use of public transport Try new activities in local centres, including strength & balance for older people ACT Signpost the client to: Change for Life www.change4lifewales.org.uk

Answer 3

Smoking is the main cause of death of preventable death in the UK Estimated that smoking is responsible for >5000 deaths each year in people aged 35 and over in Wales - nearly 1 in 5 of all deaths in this age group Incredibly, one in every two smokers die from smoking related diseases Passive smoking can lead to a range of diseases, many of which are fatal, with children especially vulnerable Smoking costs the Welsh NHS around £302 million per year.

Answer 4

- pharmacies provide brief interventions on stopping smoking and ^ access to stop smoking service - e.g. when NICOTINE-STAINED FINGERS are observed, the purchase of a smokers toothpaste or repeated requests for cough remedies.

Answer 5

- Quitting - never too late (benefits start straight away) - 3days = taste and smell start to improve, breathing will become easier, ^ energy levels - 1 year risk of having a heart attack will 1/2 compared to a smoker - quitting = saves money 20 cigs a day = £2,000 a year - protecting loved ones - 2nd hand smokers = the same risk as smokers (cancer / heart disease) Children exposed >> ^ risk of bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma attacks and ear infections - x4 more likely to stop smoking using an NHS STOP SMOKING SERVICE that to quit ALONE

Answer 6

- WHO = 3 million lives saved = immunisation - globally = STILL 400,000 children still die per year from ~MEASLES alone, even when a safe effective vaccine has been avail. for 30yrs - important = babies/ children are immunised - risks of vaccines are VERY small compared to risk of getting diseases

Answer 7

- tetanus, diphtheria = rare because of immunisation - While polio was declared eliminated in Europe in 2002 through immunisation, the threat of other diseases such as measles and meningitis have not gone away in the UK today. - Vaccination has played a pivotal role in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic - Misinformation leads to vaccine hesitancy and lower vaccination rates

Answer 8

- 2017 : resulted in a fall in whooping cough immunisation: Leading to over 100,000 cases of whooping cough. An estimated 100 deaths in the years which followed, with Large numbers permanently brain damaged by the disease

Answer 9

A study investigating the risk later reported that acute reactions did occur, but full recovery was usual. There was insufficient evidence to say DTP increased the overall risk of long-term damage [Pharmacists are also well placed to address vaccine hesitancy and worries]

Answer 10

- 1 in 10 NHS seasonal influenza vaccinations are now provided by pharmacies and pharmacies have played an important role in delivering our hugely successful COVID-19 vaccination programme particularly in our most rural areas. - Influenza vaccines can be provide free of charge to patients falling within the “at risk” groups - Some Pharmacies will also offer a private (paid) service to patients who fall outside of the “at risk” groups.

Answer 11

As defined by the “Vaccine Green book” 65 years or over, chronic respiratory disease (including COPD and asthma), significant cardiovascular disease (not hypertension), immunocompromised, diabetes mellitus, chronic neurological, renal or liver disease. Pregnancy Morbid obesity

Answer 12

Delivering primary and booster doses for patients Advantages include: Increased convenience for patients Improved access for rural areas and for patients without transport to access the mass vaccination centres Trusted and familiar health-care setting which may help address vaccine hesitancy including in hard to reach groups e.g. ethnic minorities

Answer 13

Sore Throat Test and Treat

Answer 14

Enhanced service for community pharmacists to manage acute sore throats Include use of clinical scoring tools to assess severity (FeverPAIN and Centor scoring) Patient’s scoring high, will be offered a throat swab to check for the presence of bacteria If the throat swab is positive the patient will be offered a course of antibiotics by the pharmacist If negative, they will be given self-care advice and advised to seek medical attention if they get any worse

Answer 15

Safely reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute sore throats Distinguish between viral or bacterial sore throats Moving care of these patients to community pharmacy, removes pressure from GP practices Allows GPs to spend more time on assessing more diagnostically difficult patients Assessment and explanation around why antibiotics are not needed will often take more time than issuing an antibiotic prescription Reducing antibiotic prescribing is important to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance, which is a major threat to health-care.

Answer 16

Original pilot results: 72% (n=1239) of patients screened were eligible for antigen testing 28% (350) were positive for GABHS, 27% (340) received antibiotics Overall service prescribing rate was 20% (340/1725) patients Prescribing rates in SBUHB for GP consultations is 70%

Answer 17

Prevention of cardiovascular diseases, through early screening and detection?: Health screens Cholesterol Blood pressure Diabetes screening Waist circumferences