Disease Prevention Flashcards
Define immunization and describe 2 types of immunity
Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a specific disease
Passive- administration of an antibody
Active- administration of an antigen
State types of bacterial (3) and viral vaccines(2)
B- whole organism, inactivated toxins, specific antigens
V- attenuated live vaccines, viral components
Effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette guerin vaccine BCG
More effective against milliary and meningeal TB than preventing pulmonary TB
When is the pertussis vaccine taken
Between 6M and 2 years - 5 shots
What does haemophilus influenzae type b protect against
Epiglottitis, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis
When is measles vaccine taken and disadvantage of early immunization
9M. <6M results in limited immunogenicity ie reduced ability of cells and tissues to provoke an immune response
Dosage period for Hep B and PCV
6, 10, 14 Weeks
0.5ml hep B immunoglobulin <12 hours of life to infants born from positive mother
Disadvantage and advantage of oral polio vaccine
Risk of causing vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis
Induces greater mucosal immunity than Inactivated PV
Disadvantage of rota virus vaccine
Slight increased risk of intussusception
Vaccine given at birth in malawi x2
BCG- intradermal
Oral polio vaccine 0
Vaccines given at 6 weeks x4
OPV 1 and Rota 1- oral
PCV 1 and Pentavalent 1 - intramuscular
10 weeks vaccinations x4
OPV2 & Rota 2
PCV2 & Pentavalent 2
Vaccinations given at 14 weeks
Pentavalent 3, PCV3, IPV - Intramuscular
When is the malaria vaccine given x4
Months - 5,6,7,22 intramuscular
When is measles and rubella vaccine given x2
Months 9 and 15
HPV Vaccination x2
HPVV 1- 9 year old girls
HPVV 2- 6 months after 1st dose
TD Vaccinations in women of child bearing age x5
TD1- at contact
TD2- 1 month after 1
TD3- 6months after 2
TD4- 1 year after 3
TD5- 1 year after TD4
State 5 contraindications to vaccines
Malignant disease
Immunosuppressive drugs
Moderate to severe acute illness
Children receiving corticosteroids
Anaphylactic reaction to a prior dose
State 5 risk factors of health care associated infections HAI
Recent invasive procedures
Prolonged use of Abx
Contaminated physical environment
Presence of catheters or devices
Exposure to people with active contagious infections
Host factors for HAI x5
Underlying diseases
Abnormal skin
Anatomy abnormalities eg obstructive uropathy
Organ dysfunction
Malnutrition
State why recent invasive procedures cause infection x3
Breaching of normal host barriers
Direct access to sterile anatomic sites
Disrupt patterns of normally protective flow of mucus
State 2 standard precautions in disease prevention
Use of barriers- gloves and gowns
Preventing transmission of microbes associated with contact with blood and body fluids
