Disease Prevention

Question 1

Define immunization and describe 2 types of immunity

Answer 1

Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a specific disease
Passive- administration of an antibody
Active- administration of an antigen

Question 2

State types of bacterial (3) and viral vaccines(2)

Answer 2

B- whole organism, inactivated toxins, specific antigens
V- attenuated live vaccines, viral components

Question 3

Effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette guerin vaccine BCG

Answer 3

More effective against milliary and meningeal TB than preventing pulmonary TB

Question 4

When is the pertussis vaccine taken

Answer 4

Between 6M and 2 years - 5 shots

Question 5

What does haemophilus influenzae type b protect against

Answer 5

Epiglottitis, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis

Question 6

When is measles vaccine taken and disadvantage of early immunization

Answer 6

9M. <6M results in limited immunogenicity ie reduced ability of cells and tissues to provoke an immune response

Question 7

Dosage period for Hep B and PCV

Answer 7

6, 10, 14 Weeks
0.5ml hep B immunoglobulin <12 hours of life to infants born from positive mother

Question 8

Disadvantage and advantage of oral polio vaccine

Answer 8

Risk of causing vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis
Induces greater mucosal immunity than Inactivated PV

Question 9

Disadvantage of rota virus vaccine

Answer 9

Slight increased risk of intussusception

Question 10

Vaccine given at birth in malawi x2

Answer 10

BCG- intradermal
Oral polio vaccine 0

Question 11

Vaccines given at 6 weeks x4

Answer 11

OPV 1 and Rota 1- oral
PCV 1 and Pentavalent 1 - intramuscular

Question 12

10 weeks vaccinations x4

Answer 12

OPV2 & Rota 2
PCV2 & Pentavalent 2

Question 13

Vaccinations given at 14 weeks

Answer 13

Pentavalent 3, PCV3, IPV - Intramuscular

Question 14

When is the malaria vaccine given x4

Answer 14

Months - 5,6,7,22 intramuscular

Question 15

When is measles and rubella vaccine given x2

Answer 15

Months 9 and 15

Question 16

HPV Vaccination x2

Answer 16

HPVV 1- 9 year old girls
HPVV 2- 6 months after 1st dose

Question 17

TD Vaccinations in women of child bearing age x5

Answer 17

TD1- at contact
TD2- 1 month after 1
TD3- 6months after 2
TD4- 1 year after 3
TD5- 1 year after TD4

Question 18

State 5 contraindications to vaccines

Answer 18

Malignant disease
Immunosuppressive drugs
Moderate to severe acute illness
Children receiving corticosteroids
Anaphylactic reaction to a prior dose

Question 19

State 5 risk factors of health care associated infections HAI

Answer 19

Recent invasive procedures
Prolonged use of Abx
Contaminated physical environment
Presence of catheters or devices
Exposure to people with active contagious infections

Question 20

Host factors for HAI x5

Answer 20

Underlying diseases
Abnormal skin
Anatomy abnormalities eg obstructive uropathy
Organ dysfunction
Malnutrition

Question 21

State why recent invasive procedures cause infection x3

Answer 21

Breaching of normal host barriers
Direct access to sterile anatomic sites
Disrupt patterns of normally protective flow of mucus

Question 22

State 2 standard precautions in disease prevention

Answer 22

Use of barriers- gloves and gowns
Preventing transmission of microbes associated with contact with blood and body fluids