Allergies and Skin Flashcards by Tadah M

State atopic triad

Asthma
Allergies
Atopic dermatitis

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Risk factors of developing allergies x6

Family history
Male sex, first born
Birth during pollen season
Maternal smoking exposure
Exposure to outdoor allergens

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Physical exam features in people with allergies x6

Allergic shiners
Allergic salute
Clear rhinorrhea
Highly arched palate
Pale blue nasal mucosa
Cobblestoneing - hyperplastic lymphoid tissue

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Treatment of allergies x5

Avoid trigger
Antihistamines - cetirizine and loratadine
Antihistamine nasal spray
Glucocorticoid nasal spray

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Define anaphylaxis and its danger signs in resp system x5

A severe life threatening allergic reaction
Stridor/wheezing
Poor perfusion
Dysarthria- slurred speech
Cyanosis
Dyspnea

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Treatment of anaphylaxis x5

Adrenaline 0,01mg/kg
Oxygen via mask
Fluid bolus for poor perfusion
Salbutamol for bronchospasm
Recumbent position improves oxygenation
H1 and H2 antihistamines, glucocorticoids

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State the cause of scarlet fever and describe its appearance

Group A streptococcus
Diffuse erythema rash in creases
Sandpaper feeling

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3 complications of scarlet fever

Peritonsillar abscess
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis

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Features of staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome x5

Tender erythroderma > flaccid bullae ie blisters
Positive Nikolsky sign
Perioral and perinasal peeling
Purulent rhinorrhea
Conjunctivitis

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Causes of toxic shock syndrome x3

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 produced by S.aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes exotoxins produced by group A strep

Staphylococcal enterotoxins

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Clinical feature of toxic shock syndrome x5

Rash, hypotension, diarrhea, emesis, sunburn like erythroderma

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Complications and treatment of toxic shock syndrome 2x2

Shock, multisystem organ dysfunction
Penicillin and clindamycin if GAS suspected
IV antibiotics S aureus

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Describe features of meningococcemia x4

Erythematous
Discrete papules
Petechiae
Purpura

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Complications of meningococcemia x6

Shock
Meningitis
Pericarditis
Endopthalmitis
Gangrene
Disseminate intravascular coagulation

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Treatment of meningococcemia x4

Rifampicin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, penicillin

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State complications of measles rubeola x5

Otitis
Pneumonia
Laryngotracheitis
Thrombocytopenia
Febrile seizures

Clinical features of measles rubeola x5

Confluent maculopapular rash which begins in face
Uncomfortable appearance
Fine desquamation
Brown color
Photophobia

Treatment of measles rubeola explained

Vitamin A because its an immunomodulator and boosts antibody response

Prodrome of measles rubella x5

Malaise, fever
Post auricular, cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy

4 complications of measles rubella

Arthritis
Encephalopathy
Thrombocytopenia
Fetal embryopathy

Cause of mononucleosis and how its transmitted x3

Epstein Barr virus
Close contact, saliva and blood transfusion

Clinical features of mononucleosis x5

Hepatosplenomegaly
Atypical lymphocytosis
Maculopapular or morbilliform
Sore throat
Adenopathy

Complications of mononucleosis

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, splenic rupture, lymphoproliferative syndrome

The cause of erythema infectiosum and how its transmitted x3

Human parvovirus B19
Respiratory droplets, blood transfusion, placenta

Complications of erythema infectiosum x4

Arthritis Vasculitis Aplastic crisis in SCD Fetal anemic hydrops Bone marrow suppression and reticulocytopenia

Complications of chicken pox x5

Arthritis Cerebellar ataxia Thrombocytopenia Encephalitis Staph and strep skin infection

4 functions of filaggrin

Promotes skin hydration Modulates immune function Increases epidermal differentiation Promote barrier function- prevent water loss and blocks entry of foreign substances

Causes of skin barrier abnormality in AD x5

Increased serine (amino acid) protease Tight junction disorder Decreased filaggrin and ceramides ie oils Decreased serine protease inhibitors Decreased antimicrobial peptides

3 factors involved in pathogenesis of AD

Environment Alteration in skin microbiome Decreased barrier function of skin

Risk factors of AD x3

Family history of AD Personal history of atopy Urban environment

Clinical presentation of eczema x5

Erythema Crusting Exudation Lichenification Papular/follicular lesions

Comorbidities of AD x4

Asthma Food allergy Allergic rhinitis Sleep disruption

AD characteristics by age

Infant- extensor surfaces Childhood- flexural areas Adolescent- periorbital, perioral, dorsal areas

Non infectious differentials for AD x3

Psoriasis Photodermatitis Contact dermatitis

Side effects of topical steroids x4

Skin atrophy Telangiectasias - dilated small blood vessels on skin Acneiform lesions - papule acne like rash Hypertrichosis - abnormal growth of hair anywhere in body

Management of AD x3

Regular bathing with lukewarm water Moisturizing at least twice a day Topical corticosteroids and wet wraps