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Gastroenterology > Disease of the Canine and Feline Stomach > Flashcards

Disease of the Canine and Feline Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric disease typically results from what four general disease classes?

A

inflammation

ulceration

neoplasia

obstruction

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2
Q

What are the disease that affect the gastric mucosal barrier?

A
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3
Q

Why do dogs vomit with gastritis?

A

Gastritis causes contraction of the stomach wall, with pain, muscle damage and stimulation of visceral afferent nerve endings. This leads to stimulation of the emetic center with associated vomiting.

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4
Q

Is a fever a common clinical sign associated with gastritis?

A

no

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5
Q

What are the DDX for acute gastritis?

A

(1) gastric foreign body (especially in puppies – the history may reveal ingestion of dirt, toys, paper, aluminum foil, grass, bone, or garbage)
(2) acute pancreatitis
(3) hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
(4) infectious diseases causing enteritis such as canine distemper, coronavirus, parvovirus;
(5) accidental ingestion of toxins such as ethylene glycol, arsenic, thallium, toxic plants, or fertilizers
(6) the administration of drugs
(7) intestinal foreign body
(8) acute kidney injury

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6
Q

It can be concluded that the tentative diagnosis of gastritis was probably correct if the vomiting resolves after days of symptomatic treatment.

A

one or two

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7
Q

How long should food be withheld in cases of acute gastritis?

A

12-24hrs

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of acute vomiting in the dog?

A

acute gastritis

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9
Q

Why do animals with actue gastritis become PD?

A

nausea stimulates thirst center

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10
Q

Why is hematemesis observed with actue gastritis?

A

epithelial cells necrose and cause eosions which result in blood in the vomit

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11
Q

If a acute vomiting dog has been fasted for a day and has not vomited, what is the next step for tx?

A

bland diet (Bland diet= readily digestible, leave stomach quickly- liquid/can food, avoid high fat (protein- chicken very digestible, rice- very digestible low fat)- length depends on severity of case)

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12
Q

When do you want to use antiemetics with a vomiting case?

A

when the vomiting is severe and prolonged

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13
Q

What types of tx are best if a dog has hematemesis?

A

Mucosal protection should be considered if hematemesis is present. Drugs such as famotidine, omeprazole (preferred), or sucralfate are recommended.

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14
Q

What type of gastritis is often associated with may vomit blood and exhibit frequent signs of abdominal pain, most often by adopting the “position of relief”.

A

eosinophilic gastritis

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15
Q

Top DDX for Chronic gastritis

A
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16
Q

In cats with chronic vomiting the clinician should also consider and, in endemic areas, , which causes chronic vomiting in this species.

A

hyperthyroidism and, in endemic areas, heartworm infection

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17
Q

What is the best way to get a definitive diagnosis for chronic gastritis?

A

endoscopy & BIOPSY

18
Q

Causes for Chronic gastritis?

A

Inciting causes include repeated exposure

to the same agents incriminated in acute gastritis or dietary antigens. Chronic foreign bodies and gastric

parasites (Physalloptera, Ollulanus) are other causes. The relation of Helicobacter sp. remains to be

specifically elucidated as a cause of gastritis in the dog and cat.

19
Q

Treatment for chronic gastritis?

A
20
Q

What needs to be present on biopsy for helicobacter gastritis to be suspected?

A

A Warthin-Starry stain should be requested in biopsy samples taken from animals with suspected Helicobacter infection (helicobacter present in gastric pits).

21
Q

What gross sign on endoscopy may be seen with helicobacter gastritis?

A

lymphoid hyperplasia

22
Q

What is the treatment for helicobacter gastritis?

A
23
Q

Which breed of dog is predisposed to eos gastritis?

A

Rottweilers

24
Q

Pathophysiology for Reflux gastritis

A

Bile reflux is a normal physiological event but when gastric motility is impaired, prolonged contact of the

bile with the mucosa results in destruction of surface mucus and disruption of the lipid rich apical surface

of the gastric epithelial cells. This disrupts the mucosal barrier and results in gastritis. The dog appears to

be more sensitive than the cat to this phenomenon.

25
Q

A dog presents with chronic vomiting of bile and mucus after a prolonged fast most often in early morning. Likely DDX

A

reflux gastritis

26
Q

Treatment for reflux gastritis?

A
27
Q

What combination of drugs most often leads to gastric ulcers?

A

NSAID & steroids

28
Q

When should a blood transfusion and plasma be consider for a dog with gastric ulcers?

A

Blood transfusion should be considered if the PCV is less than 25% acutely or 20% in chronic disease depending on clinical signs.

Plasma should be considered if the albumin is less than 2.0 g/dL.

29
Q

Causes of gastric ulcers

A
30
Q

Key signs for gastric ulcers

A

vomiting (+/- blood)

melena (maybe)

anemia

31
Q

pseudo-ulcers

A

peyer’s patches

32
Q

Tx for gastric ulcers

A
33
Q

Which breeds of dogs are predisposed to:

congenital stenosis gastric outflow obstruction

acquired stenosis gastric outflow obstruction

A
34
Q

DDX for gastric outflow obstruction

A
35
Q

A beak sign is observed on rads. What does that indicate?

A

gastric outflow obstruction

36
Q

Name the two sx procedures of gastric outflow obstruction?

A
37
Q

Main clinical sign and chemistry abnormalities for gastric outflow obstruction?

A

intermittent vomit

hypoCl/hypoK/metabolic alkalosis

38
Q

A 10 yr old dog presents for chronic vomiting, anorexia, loss of BW, (possible anemia, diarrhea, hematemesis). DDX?

A cat with the same signs?

A

gastric tumor (adenocarcinoma in distal stomach)

lymphoma

39
Q

Name the two common gastric parasites and tx?

A

Ollulanus (cats; transmit via vomit) & Physalloptera (intermediate host-dung beetle)

pyrantel or fenbendazole

40
Q

DDX for gastric motility disorders?

A

nervous inhibition due to pain or trauma, electrolyte or acid-base imbalances, uremia,

hypothyroidism, hepatic encephalopathy, pancreatitis, peritonitis, inflammation or ulceration of the stomach,

anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhea, and idiopathic disorders

of gastric motility perhaps due to abnormal function of the gastric pacemaker with an associated gastric

dysrhythmia.

41
Q

When are gastric pro-motility drugs (cisapride, erythromycin, metoclopramide) contraindicated?

A

gastric outflow obstruction

concurrent phenothiazine, anticholinergic or narcotic therapy

42
Q
A

Gastroenterology (11 decks)

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