Clinical Approach to acute diarrhea and Disease Flashcards
What are the common causes of self-limiting diarrhea?
dietary indiscretion, sudden diet changes, food poisoning, and drugs/toxins
What are some causes of acute life-threatening diarrhea?
parvovirus, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE), intussusception, hypoadrenocorticism, pancreatitis, and some infectious organisms (e.g., Salmonella , Clostridium, hookworms).
DDX for acute diarrhea
Parasites that cause acute diarrhea
Bacterial species that cause acute diarrhea?
What cells in body are targeted by parvovirus?
rapidly dividing cells (marrow and GI)
What can you use to tx giardia?
Metronidazole or fenbendazole
Which breeds of dogs are more susceptible to parvovirus?
Doberman Pinschers and Rottweilers are more susceptible than other breeds. Black Labradors, bull terriers and Shar-Pei’s are also susceptible.
What are the two most common strains of parvovirus in US?
CPV-2b & c
What are the key sign of parvovirus?
fever
leukopenia
V/D ( may be bloody)
If I have a puppy showing all the signs of parvo, but my test is negative, DDx?
PARVO
test comes up negative after day 8 of infection (shedding stops)
Incubation period of parvo?
3-7d
What is the best test for parvo and timing?
ELISA 10-12d post-infection
(recent MLV may make it positive)
Pathogenesis of parvovirus
Even though puppies with parvo are dehydration , a PCV of >55% rare. Why?
young (less concentrated blood in general) and loosing blood through GI
Tx for parvo?
replacement fluids
parenteral abx
antiemetics
feed through V/D
intestinal parasite control
A puppy presents with acute diarrhea (orange feces) with no vomiting or leukopenia or fever.
DDX? Test to Dx?
Tx?
coronavirus enteritis
EM of fresh feces or PCR
spontaneous resolves in 8-10d
What organism is Canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis most often associated with?
clostridium perfringens (anaphylaxis from toxins)
Which ages of dogs and breeds of dogs most susceptible to HGE?
peak 2-4 yrs
mini/ toy breeds (schnauzer)
Lab results for HGE?
TX for HGE?
IV fluids
antiemetics
abx?
Initially NPO
