Disease Dilemmas SG1

Question 1

What does Communicable mean?

Answer 1

A disease which is spreadable from host to host (person, animal or insect)
Disease can either be contagious or non contagious

Question 2

What does infections mean?

Answer 2

A disease caused by a pathogen, such as a virus, bacteria, parasite or fungi

Question 3

What does endemic mean?

Answer 3

Type of disease that exists permanently in a geographical area or a population group

Question 4

What does zoonotic mean?

Answer 4

An infectious disease which is transmitted from an animal to a human

Question 5

What does non-communicable mean?

Answer 5

Any disease which cannot be spread between people as it is non-infectious or non-contagious

Question 6

What does contagious mean?

Answer 6

A disease which is spread from person to person

Question 7

What does pandemic mean?

Answer 7

An epidemic that went worldwide

Question 8

What is a vector?

Answer 8

A living organism which can transmit infectious disease between humans or from animals to humans

Question 9

What is an epidemic?

Answer 9

An outbreak of a disease that attacks many people at the same time and spreads through the population of a geographical area

Question 10

Are contagious diseases are always infectious?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Are communicable diseases are always contagious?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What is hierarchical diffusion?

Answer 12

The spread of disease through an ordered sequence of classes or places (from large cities to small villages)

Question 13

What is expansion diffusion?

Answer 13

Whena disease spreads from one place to another

Intense concentrations in the place of origin but weakens as it spreads to the other places

Question 14

What is relocation diffusion?

Answer 14

When the disease leaves the area of origin and moves into new areas

Question 15

What is contagious diffusion?

Answer 15

Diffusion through person to person contact

Question 16

What are the steps in the Hagerstand model and what do they indicate?

Answer 16

Primary step - There is a strong contrast in incidence between the areas of outbreak and more remote areas
Expansion step - Diffusion is centrifugal as new centres of disease outbreak occur at distance from the source
Saturation step - Diffusion of the disease decelerates as the incidence of the disease reaches its peak
Condensation step - The number of new cases of disease is more equal in all locations, irrespective of distance from source

Question 17

What are the socioeconomic barriers to disease diffusion?

Answer 17

Political Borders
Curfews
Quarantine
Vaccination Programmes
Health Education

Question 18

What are physical factors that increases the prevalence of malaria and why?

Answer 18

Temperature - Between 18 and 40 degrees C the mosquito takes more blood meals therefore increasing the number of eggs laid so then there are more vectors
Water Sources - Stagnant water means more places for eggs to be laid so more vectors to spread malaria
Relative Humidity - If this is over 60% the mosquito has better chance of survival and therefore reproduction
Precipitation - Increased precipitation means more water sources for eggs to be laid and vectors to be born
Relief - Places over 2000m are to cold for malaria to survive