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Biology GCSE WJEC unit 2 (triple higher) > Disease, Defence & Treatment GLOSSARY KEYWORDS > Flashcards

Disease, Defence & Treatment GLOSSARY KEYWORDS Flashcards

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1
Q

A micro-organism that causes disease

A

Pathogen

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2
Q

A protein originating on a cell surface that acts as a marker to other cells

A

Antigen

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3
Q

an organism too small to be seen by the naked eye

A

micro-organism

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4
Q

a protein, secreted by lymphocytes that neutralises toxins

A

antitoxin

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5
Q

a type of white blood cell that detects specific antigens

A

lymphocyte

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6
Q

a test for the presence of specific antigens

A

immunoassay

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7
Q

identical, specific proteins produced in large numbers (by hybridomas)

A

monoclonal antibodies

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8
Q

micro-organisms that have a cell-wall, but no nucleus

A

Bacterium

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9
Q

an illness

A

disease

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10
Q

a specific protein (produced by a lymphocyte) that attaches to an antigen

A

antibody

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11
Q

the parasite that causes malaria

A

plasmodium

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12
Q

when it can be passed from person to person

A

communicable

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13
Q

drug tests in which neither the doctor nor the patient know whether the pill is the drug or placebo

A

double-blind trials

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14
Q

the ability to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen so quickly that symptoms are not experienced

A

immunity

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15
Q

the bacterium that causes chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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16
Q

a chemical taken in a drugs trial that has no effect on the organism

A

placebo

17
Q

the use of chemicals (rather than radiation) to treat cancer

A

chemotherapy

18
Q

the community of micro-organisms occurring naturally on the skin surface

A

skinflora

19
Q

a cell (formed from fusing a B-lymphocyte and a tumour cell) that divides indefinitely to produce monoclonal antibodies

A

hybridoma

20
Q

a type of white blood cell that engulfs/ingests non-self material

A

phagocyte

21
Q

the genus of mosquito that transmits the malarial parasite, plasmodium

A

anopheles

22
Q

an injection used to provide immunity to a particular disease

A

vaccination

23
Q

pathogen

A

micro-organisms that cause disease

24
Q

Name the 4 types of microorganisms that can cause disease?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Single celled organisms (protists)

25
Q

How does a bacterial cell differ from an animal cell?

A

A bacterial cell has a cell wall
A bacterial cell does not have a nucleus

26
Q

What surrounds a virus?

A

A protein coat called a capsid

27
Q

Does a virus have a nucleus?

A

No, it contains genes within the protein coat

28
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be transmitted from one host to another

29
Q

State the 6 ways in which a communicable disease be spread.

A

Aerosol
Body fluids
Contact
Contaminated food
Insects
Water

30
Q

What is an aerosol?

A

A droplet of water in the air, such as from a sneeze or cough

31
Q

Name a disease spread by water and suggest how water can be made safe to drink

A

Cholera
Boil water, filter it or add chlorine

32
Q

Name a disease spread by contaminated food and suggest how it can be prevented

A

Salmonella
Cook food thoroughly

33
Q

How do the skin flora help defend against disease?

A

Make it difficult for pathogens to become established

34
Q

How do platelets help defend against disease?

A

They form a blood clot to seal the wound
The clot prevents entry of microbes and stops blood loss

35
Q

Which type of white blood cell deals with specific pathogens?

A

Lymphocytes - they produce antibodies which are specific to the bacterial or viral antigens

36
Q

What 2 types of proteins do lymphocytes produce to deal with bacteria?

A

Antibodies
Antitoxins

37
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A molecule on the outside of the bacteria or virus that is recognised by the immune system as foreign.

It triggers the secretion of antibodies which are specific to the antigen.

38
Q

What 2 types of cells do lymphocytes produce

A

Plasma cells - clones of the lymphocyte which secrete antibodies specific to the antigen

Memory cells - cells that remember the antigen if it gets into the body again

Biology GCSE WJEC unit 2 (triple higher) (12 decks)

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