Dilated Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
1
Q
ESSENCE
A
Cardiomyopathy characterised by cardiac chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction
2
Q
EPIDEMIOLOGY
What is most common kind of cardiomyopathy
A
Dilated cardiomyopathy (90%)
3
Q
AETIOLOGY
Causes
A
- Stress
- Takutsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome)
- Toxins
- Alcohol
- Cocaine
- Cobalt
- Duxorubicin
- Infectious
- Coxsacki B viral myocarditis
- Chagas disease
- Hereditary
- Muscular dystrophies
- Familial
- Sarcoidosis
- Haemochromatosis
4
Q
AETIOLOGY
Infectious causes
A
Coxsacki B viral myocarditis
Chagas disease
5
Q
PATHOGENESIS
A
Dilated cardiac chambers causes decreased contractility and decreased ejection fraction leading to systolic dysfunction
6
Q
PROGNOSIS
Death
A
50% within 2 years from heart failure or arrhythmia
7
Q
CLINICAL FEATURES
Symptoms
A
- Progressive heart failure
- Dyspnoea on exertion
- Orthopnea
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Fatigue
- Pulmonary oedema
8
Q
CLINICAL FEATURES
Signs
A
- Cardiac
- S3 sound
- Systolic regurgitant murmur
- Ascites
- Jugular venous distension
- Pulmonary rales
9
Q
INVESTIGATIONS
Imaging
A
- Radiography - all patients
- ECHO - all patients, assess ejection fraction
10
Q
Radiography findings
A
- Heart looks like balloon
11
Q
ECHO findings
A
- Dilated ventricles
- Reduced ejection fraction
12
Q
INVESTIGATIONS
Studies
A
ECG
13
Q
ECG findings
A
- May have bundle branch block
- May have widened QRS complex
14
Q
INVESTIGATIONS
Making diagnosis
A
Based on clinical presentation and ECHO
15
Q
MANAGEMENT
Approach
A
- Drugs that lover mortality
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
- B-blockers
- Spironolactone or eplernone
