Digital design and manufacture Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
CAD advantages
A
- streamlined design, development and testing
- can be integrated
- digital files easily transferred between parties
- better quality
- decreases errors
2
Q
CAD disadvantages
A
- replace manual labour systems
- loss of handmade skills
- increased unemployment
- expensive
- retraining of staff [higher wages]
- difficult to protect files
3
Q
what are 4 details needed for manufacture?
A
- dimensions
- elevations
- sectional views
- manufacturing details
4
Q
what is CAD used for?
A
to show technical details in artwork to be transferred for CAM
5
Q
properties of 2D CAD
A
- created and modified easily
- built in software tools [scales/dimensions]
- layers to show integrated features
6
Q
properties of 3D CAD
A
- 360 degree views and walk throughs
- realistic idea of the product
- 3D rendering compared different materials and colours quickly
- different view options [wire frame /solid]
7
Q
what are the 5 CAM processes?
A
- laser cutting
- milling
- routing
- turning
- plotter cutting
8
Q
how do laser cutters work?
A
convert 2D CAD designs into CNC code that moves the head along X and Y axes
9
Q
what does a laser cutter do?
A
-laser beam cuts and engraves materials
10
Q
what affects the depth of a laser cutter?
A
speed and power of machine head
11
Q
properties of laser cutting
A
- doesn’t require clamping
- high precision
- self finishing
- requires extraction [toxic fumes]
12
Q
what do CNC routers do?
A
- operate on an X, Y, Z axes for complex shapes
- waste thick materials using a variety of cutting tools
13
Q
properties of CNC routing
A
- versatile in movement and materials
- requires extraction
- requires clamps
14
Q
what company uses CNC
A
Unto this last
15
Q
what do ‘unto this last’ do?
A
- use veneered plywood to make components
- customer designs reproduced
- CNC routing used to develop and manufacturer in-house
16
Q
what does CNC milling do?
A
used to cut complex 3D forms
17
Q
How does CNC milling work?
A
-variety of cutting tools used
-cooling lubricants used to cool when cutting metal
[prolongs the tools and gives good finish]
18
Q
uses of CNC milling
A
- engine parts
- moulds for mass production
19
Q
what is CNC turning?
A
workpiece is spun while the stationary cutting tool cuts
20
Q
what is CNC turning used for?
A
used to make shapes that have rotational symmetry along the central axis
21
Q
what processes does CNC turning carry out?
A
- cutting
- boring
- knurling
- threat cutting
22
Q
what is made when milling and cutting?
A
swarf
23
Q
what does plotter cutting do?
A
reads 2D CAD files and cuts vinyl, paper and lightweight card
24
Q
how does a plotter cutter work?
A
- machines head goes left and right with a blade or pen
- rollers move material back and forth
- graphics can be printed, cut and scored at the same time
25
uses for plotter cutters
self- adhesive vinyl makes signage and vehicles details
26
positives of CAM/CAD in industry
- increase precision and accuracy
- greater control
- increased output
- waste reduction
- increased efficiency
27
Positives of computer simulations
- destruction tests can be done cheap and repeatedly
- allows error to be identified
- precise data gathered
- work to tight tolerances
28
what is FEA and what does it do?
Finite Element analysis simulates stresses and loads on parts and components
29
properties of finite element analysis
- measures how products perform under real-world forces
- vibrations, heat, torsion and compression analysed
- weaknesses can be identified and resolved
30
what is CFD and what does it do?
Computational Fluid Dynamics simulates flow of gases and liquids
31
properties of computational fluid dynamics
- tests mimic extreme weather conditions [wind tunnels and wave tanks]
- products designed to optimise flow of gases and liquid
32
what vehicle uses digital modelling and why?
submarines
- endure earths strongest forces
- test scenarios
- accurately record data
33
what is Rapid Prototyping?
uses CAM methods to produces physical prototypes from CAD files
34
properties of rapid prototyping
- lengthy process
- fully automated
- 3D shapes built from 2D layers
35
what 2 processes are used in rapid prototyping and what do they do?
sintering
-laser fuses layers in a powder bath
stereolithography
-laser cures layers in a resin bath
36
what is FDM?
fusion deposition modelling
| -3D printing devices extrude melted filament through a nozzle
37
properties of fusion deposition modelling
- 3D objects built in layers
| - variety of materials can be used [thermoplastics]
38
advantages of rapid prototyping
- reduce product development costs
- eliminates product failure
- ergonomically evaluation
- identify product hazards
39
advantages of fusion deposition modelling
- 3D print a full part in minutes or hours
- shortens lead times
- speeds up prototyping process
- material flexibility
40
advantages of sintering
- saves material
- high precision
- stable
- products assembly ready
- good mechanical characteristics
41
advantages of stereolithography
- fast
- accurate
- high resolution
- fast lead times
- cost effective
42
disadvantages of sintering
- high cost raw materials
- powder 100% clean
- special atmosphere required
43
disadvantages of stereolithography
- fragile
| - expensive machines
44
name traditional and digital market research methods
- paper surveys
- focus groups/interviews
- online surveys
- video conferencing
- consumer data bases
45
what is EDI and an example?
Electronic data interchange [barcodes] exchange digital data within a company
46
positives of electronic data interchange
- increases efficiency and flexibility
- reduces cost
- enables cloud-based sharing
47
what is EPOS?
electronic points of sale
| -holistic system used to monitor sales, stock and understand customer behaviour
48
process of electronic point of sales
- sale data anylysed for future business plans
- employee activity can be monitored
- sales trigger reordering [maintain stock levels]
49
types of customer profiling by EPOS
- loyalty schemes
- newsletters and promo offers via email or post
- targeted internet and social media advertising
50
what is PPC?
production, planning and control coordinates manufacturing activities to meet market demand
51
how does PPC work?
-data from logistics, labour, materials and machines streamlines manufacturing
52
2 properties of PPC
efficient and economic
53
what is MPS and what does it do?
master production schedule
| -allocates labour, materials and time to a job
54
how does MPS work?
- planning software prioritizes tasks to avoid downtime and bottle necks
- companies can monitor and deploy workers and materials strategically
- time and resources used wisely
55
how does PPC control orders and deliveries?
- coordinate to reduce transit costs
- stops revenue being tied up in inventory
- logistics improve customer experience
56
what are the 4 elements to corporate identity?
- logos/branding
- packaging/ uniforms
- corporate social responsibility
- business practices
57
what is branding?
use of logos, colours, forms to make recognisable products
58
how is branding successful?
- works to any scale [full colour/ black and white]
- works in different mediums
- recognised when partly visible
- associates products with feelings
59
what makes corporate identity successful?
- recognisable brand for repurchases
- build loyalty
- new product ranges released
60
what factors need research to achieve global success?
- language
- colour
- symbols
- slogans
- differences in values and customs
61
what is customer identity?
key characteristic used to describe a target market
62
how are products marketed?
- word of mouth
- print media
- TV and Film
63
what is good marketing?
promotes and maintains a relationship between the retailer and customer
64
why is viral marketing useful?
- companies can reach people faster
- cheap and easy to access
- online sharing gains traction by reaching millions in hours
65
what is the use of packaging? [2]
protect and promote the product
66
what 2 features does packaging carry?
-explicit info on the product
[product logo/contry of origin]
-Implicit messages
[plastic free/biodegradable]
67
what information does packaging carry?
- product specification
- safety and quality
- promotions
- use by/ sell by
- disposal/ recycling
68
what information is legally required on packaging?
- ingredients
- chocking hazards
- disposal instructions
- environmental issues
- health and safety
69
who are entrepreneurs?
- passionate about economic potential of a business
- invest own capital to start a business
- work alone but collaborate
70
state a business size and their work force
small
-1 person to design, make and do admin
medium
-crafts people, sales, admin, management
Large
-staff, outside agencies, different departments
71
features of collaborative working
- long distance
| - employees working on same project from around the world
72
benefits of collaborative working
- increased productivity and efficiency
- easy via internet [emails/ video conferencing]
- focus on bigger picture
73
what makes an enterprise sustainable?
profit
74
how can price negatively impact a company?
- incorrect pricing causes running at a loss
- too high for market
- production scale can effect unit price
75
what is total production cost?
```
direct material cost
+
direct labour cost
+
direct manufacture cost
```
76
what is 'cost price of 1 unit' ?
total production cost ÷ number of products made
