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Product Design > Digital design and manufacture > Flashcards

Digital design and manufacture Flashcards

1
Q

CAD advantages

A
  • streamlined design, development and testing
  • can be integrated
  • digital files easily transferred between parties
  • better quality
  • decreases errors
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2
Q

CAD disadvantages

A
  • replace manual labour systems
  • loss of handmade skills
  • increased unemployment
  • expensive
  • retraining of staff [higher wages]
  • difficult to protect files
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3
Q

what are 4 details needed for manufacture?

A
  • dimensions
  • elevations
  • sectional views
  • manufacturing details
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4
Q

what is CAD used for?

A

to show technical details in artwork to be transferred for CAM

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5
Q

properties of 2D CAD

A
  • created and modified easily
  • built in software tools [scales/dimensions]
  • layers to show integrated features
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6
Q

properties of 3D CAD

A
  • 360 degree views and walk throughs
  • realistic idea of the product
  • 3D rendering compared different materials and colours quickly
  • different view options [wire frame /solid]
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7
Q

what are the 5 CAM processes?

A
  • laser cutting
  • milling
  • routing
  • turning
  • plotter cutting
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8
Q

how do laser cutters work?

A

convert 2D CAD designs into CNC code that moves the head along X and Y axes

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9
Q

what does a laser cutter do?

A

-laser beam cuts and engraves materials

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10
Q

what affects the depth of a laser cutter?

A

speed and power of machine head

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11
Q

properties of laser cutting

A
  • doesn’t require clamping
  • high precision
  • self finishing
  • requires extraction [toxic fumes]
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12
Q

what do CNC routers do?

A
  • operate on an X, Y, Z axes for complex shapes

- waste thick materials using a variety of cutting tools

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13
Q

properties of CNC routing

A
  • versatile in movement and materials
  • requires extraction
  • requires clamps
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14
Q

what company uses CNC

A

Unto this last

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15
Q

what do ‘unto this last’ do?

A
  • use veneered plywood to make components
  • customer designs reproduced
  • CNC routing used to develop and manufacturer in-house
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16
Q

what does CNC milling do?

A

used to cut complex 3D forms

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17
Q

How does CNC milling work?

A

-variety of cutting tools used
-cooling lubricants used to cool when cutting metal
[prolongs the tools and gives good finish]

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18
Q

uses of CNC milling

A
  • engine parts

- moulds for mass production

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19
Q

what is CNC turning?

A

workpiece is spun while the stationary cutting tool cuts

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20
Q

what is CNC turning used for?

A

used to make shapes that have rotational symmetry along the central axis

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21
Q

what processes does CNC turning carry out?

A
  • cutting
  • boring
  • knurling
  • threat cutting
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22
Q

what is made when milling and cutting?

A

swarf

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23
Q

what does plotter cutting do?

A

reads 2D CAD files and cuts vinyl, paper and lightweight card

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24
Q

how does a plotter cutter work?

A
  • machines head goes left and right with a blade or pen
  • rollers move material back and forth
  • graphics can be printed, cut and scored at the same time
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25
Q

uses for plotter cutters

A

self- adhesive vinyl makes signage and vehicles details

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26
Q

positives of CAM/CAD in industry

A
  • increase precision and accuracy
  • greater control
  • increased output
  • waste reduction
  • increased efficiency
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27
Q

Positives of computer simulations

A
  • destruction tests can be done cheap and repeatedly
  • allows error to be identified
  • precise data gathered
  • work to tight tolerances
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28
Q

what is FEA and what does it do?

A

Finite Element analysis simulates stresses and loads on parts and components

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29
Q

properties of finite element analysis

A
  • measures how products perform under real-world forces
  • vibrations, heat, torsion and compression analysed
  • weaknesses can be identified and resolved
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30
Q

what is CFD and what does it do?

A

Computational Fluid Dynamics simulates flow of gases and liquids

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31
Q

properties of computational fluid dynamics

A
  • tests mimic extreme weather conditions [wind tunnels and wave tanks]
  • products designed to optimise flow of gases and liquid
32
Q

what vehicle uses digital modelling and why?

A

submarines

  • endure earths strongest forces
  • test scenarios
  • accurately record data
33
Q

what is Rapid Prototyping?

A

uses CAM methods to produces physical prototypes from CAD files

34
Q

properties of rapid prototyping

A
  • lengthy process
  • fully automated
  • 3D shapes built from 2D layers
35
Q

what 2 processes are used in rapid prototyping and what do they do?

A

sintering
-laser fuses layers in a powder bath
stereolithography
-laser cures layers in a resin bath

36
Q

what is FDM?

A

fusion deposition modelling

-3D printing devices extrude melted filament through a nozzle

37
Q

properties of fusion deposition modelling

A
  • 3D objects built in layers

- variety of materials can be used [thermoplastics]

38
Q

advantages of rapid prototyping

A
  • reduce product development costs
  • eliminates product failure
  • ergonomically evaluation
  • identify product hazards
39
Q

advantages of fusion deposition modelling

A
  • 3D print a full part in minutes or hours
  • shortens lead times
  • speeds up prototyping process
  • material flexibility
40
Q

advantages of sintering

A
  • saves material
  • high precision
  • stable
  • products assembly ready
  • good mechanical characteristics
41
Q

advantages of stereolithography

A
  • fast
  • accurate
  • high resolution
  • fast lead times
  • cost effective
42
Q

disadvantages of sintering

A
  • high cost raw materials
  • powder 100% clean
  • special atmosphere required
43
Q

disadvantages of stereolithography

A
  • fragile

- expensive machines

44
Q

name traditional and digital market research methods

A
  • paper surveys
  • focus groups/interviews
  • online surveys
  • video conferencing
  • consumer data bases
45
Q

what is EDI and an example?

A

Electronic data interchange [barcodes] exchange digital data within a company

46
Q

positives of electronic data interchange

A
  • increases efficiency and flexibility
  • reduces cost
  • enables cloud-based sharing
47
Q

what is EPOS?

A

electronic points of sale

-holistic system used to monitor sales, stock and understand customer behaviour

48
Q

process of electronic point of sales

A
  • sale data anylysed for future business plans
  • employee activity can be monitored
  • sales trigger reordering [maintain stock levels]
49
Q

types of customer profiling by EPOS

A
  • loyalty schemes
  • newsletters and promo offers via email or post
  • targeted internet and social media advertising
50
Q

what is PPC?

A

production, planning and control coordinates manufacturing activities to meet market demand

51
Q

how does PPC work?

A

-data from logistics, labour, materials and machines streamlines manufacturing

52
Q

2 properties of PPC

A

efficient and economic

53
Q

what is MPS and what does it do?

A

master production schedule

-allocates labour, materials and time to a job

54
Q

how does MPS work?

A
  • planning software prioritizes tasks to avoid downtime and bottle necks
  • companies can monitor and deploy workers and materials strategically
  • time and resources used wisely
55
Q

how does PPC control orders and deliveries?

A
  • coordinate to reduce transit costs
  • stops revenue being tied up in inventory
  • logistics improve customer experience
56
Q

what are the 4 elements to corporate identity?

A
  • logos/branding
  • packaging/ uniforms
  • corporate social responsibility
  • business practices
57
Q

what is branding?

A

use of logos, colours, forms to make recognisable products

58
Q

how is branding successful?

A
  • works to any scale [full colour/ black and white]
  • works in different mediums
  • recognised when partly visible
  • associates products with feelings
59
Q

what makes corporate identity successful?

A
  • recognisable brand for repurchases
  • build loyalty
  • new product ranges released
60
Q

what factors need research to achieve global success?

A
  • language
  • colour
  • symbols
  • slogans
  • differences in values and customs
61
Q

what is customer identity?

A

key characteristic used to describe a target market

62
Q

how are products marketed?

A
  • word of mouth
  • print media
  • TV and Film
63
Q

what is good marketing?

A

promotes and maintains a relationship between the retailer and customer

64
Q

why is viral marketing useful?

A
  • companies can reach people faster
  • cheap and easy to access
  • online sharing gains traction by reaching millions in hours
65
Q

what is the use of packaging? [2]

A

protect and promote the product

66
Q

what 2 features does packaging carry?

A

-explicit info on the product
[product logo/contry of origin]
-Implicit messages
[plastic free/biodegradable]

67
Q

what information does packaging carry?

A
  • product specification
  • safety and quality
  • promotions
  • use by/ sell by
  • disposal/ recycling
68
Q

what information is legally required on packaging?

A
  • ingredients
  • chocking hazards
  • disposal instructions
  • environmental issues
  • health and safety
69
Q

who are entrepreneurs?

A
  • passionate about economic potential of a business
  • invest own capital to start a business
  • work alone but collaborate
70
Q

state a business size and their work force

A

small
-1 person to design, make and do admin
medium
-crafts people, sales, admin, management
Large
-staff, outside agencies, different departments

71
Q

features of collaborative working

A
  • long distance

- employees working on same project from around the world

72
Q

benefits of collaborative working

A
  • increased productivity and efficiency
  • easy via internet [emails/ video conferencing]
  • focus on bigger picture
73
Q

what makes an enterprise sustainable?

A

profit

74
Q

how can price negatively impact a company?

A
  • incorrect pricing causes running at a loss
  • too high for market
  • production scale can effect unit price
75
Q

what is total production cost?

A 
direct material cost 
\+
direct labour cost
\+
direct manufacture cost
76
Q

what is ‘cost price of 1 unit’ ?

A

total production cost ÷ number of products made

Product Design (15 decks)

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