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Digital Technology - S1 > Digital Data > Flashcards

Digital Data Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the difference between information and data

A

Data is meaningless. It is raw facts and figures that has no context or meaning.

When data is processed, it is given meaning. It then becomes INFORMATION.

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2
Q

How is data stored in a - bit - and it’s symbol

A

A binary digit, or bit, is the smallest unit of data in computing

Symbol = b

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3
Q

How is data stored in a - nibble - and it’s symbol

A

4 bits

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4
Q

How is data stored in a - byte - and it’s symbol

A

8 bits
Symbol = B

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5
Q

How is data stored in a - kilobyte - and it’s symbol

A

1024 bytes
Symbol = KB

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6
Q

How is data stored in a - megabyte - and it’s symbol

A

1024 kilobytes
Symbol = MB

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7
Q

How is data stored in a - gigabyte - and it’s symbol

A

1024 megabytes
Symbol = GB

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8
Q

How is data stored in a - Terabyte- and it’s symbol

A

1024 gigabytes
Symbol = TB

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9
Q

Explain Binary

A

The number system that computers. Also called the Base 2 number system as there are just two possible numbers 0 and 1.

Only the digits 0 and 1 are used to store data.

Binary numbers are made of binary digits (bits)

E.g the 4-bit binary number 1101 means in 13 in decimal.

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10
Q

Explain the data type - Numeric

A

Contains numbers

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11
Q

Explain the data type - interger

A

A whole number , positive or negative
E,g 24,152,1000,-13

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12
Q

Explain the data type - real

A

A number which contains a decimal point
E.g 1.34,-1.89

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13
Q

Explain the data type - Date/Time

A

Allows a date/time to be stored. Can be done in many different formats.

E.g 18/12/2016, 18th December 2016
9am, 9:00pm, 21:12:05, 23:00

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14
Q

Explain the data type - character

A

A letter number or symbol and takes up one byte of storage
E.g A,5,€

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15
Q

Explain the data type - sting

A

Multiple characters stung together
E.g Mary Black, Main Street

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16
Q

Describe and explain a pixel

A

The smallest unit of an image that can be changed.

Usually a square shape with just 1 colour but it can be rectangular

It is a fusion of two words picture and element

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17
Q

What is the screens job?

A

To display pixels in their rightful colours

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18
Q

In order to store an image on a storage device what needs to be done?

A

Every pixel needs to have its colour stored

The dimensions of the image must be stored

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19
Q

What are colours store as?

A

Binary numbers

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20
Q

What is colour depth

A

The amount of bits per pixel.

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21
Q

How many bits per pixel does a GIF image use?

A

8 bits per pixel , thus it is limited to 2 to the power of 8 colours , e.g its colour depth is 256 colours

22
Q

What is true colour?

A

Using 24 bits per pixel

23
Q

What is the resolution of an image?

A

The number of pixels per unit of measurement. It quantifies the clarity of an image

24
Q

What affect does resolution have on file size?

A

A higher resolution will enable very clear, realistic images but will lead to larger file sizes as every pixels colour code will be stored leading to,

Higher overall image loading and processing time
High overall image file transfer times across communication links

25
Q

What would happen if the resolution of an image doubled?

A

Then twice as many pixels would have to be stored horizontally and vertically so the file size would quadruple

26
Q

Describe a Bitmap graphic

A

Stored as a grid of pixels
All components of the image are deconstructed Into pixel patterns, be it a line or blank region.

27
Q

What do you need to store in a bitmap graphic?

A

The metadata: width,height and colour depth

28
Q

What are bitmap graphics best used for?

A

Photographs, hand drawn images or any images containing regions with large variants of colour

29
Q

Describe vector graphics

A

The image is deconstructed into individual shapes.
Each shape can be described in terms of its -

Geometric form, centre/corner point, position coordinates, dimension edge and colours

30
Q

What do you need to store for a vector graphic

A

The radius, circumference thickness, inner colour, circumference colour, position on the larger canvas

31
Q

What will happen if an amendment is made to a vector graphic

A

The computer will reconstruct it without jagged edges, with the changes applied. Can be costly.

32
Q

Qualities of bitmap graphics

A
  • The file is made up of tiny pixels
  • users can edit individual pixels
  • They offer high-quality images
  • when stretched the image can become blurred
    -lots of storage space , more storage to distribute
  • takes a long time to load, requires a lot of processing
33
Q

Qualities of vector graphics

A

-store details about individual components that make up the image
-made up of objects defined by mathematical equations
-the image quality does not depend on resolution
-can be resized/stretched without a loss of quality/clarity
-instructions on how the image should be redrawn
- significantly lower file size, does not store individual pixel values

34
Q

Differences between bitmap and vector graphics?

A

The file is made up of tiny pixels - The file is made up of individual components

Can become blurred when stretched- Can be stretched without a loss of quality

High file size each individual pixel value must be stored - significantly lower file size doesn’t store individual pixels

35
Q

What is streaming?

A

Sending data, usually Audio or video, in a way that allows it to start being processed before it is complete.

Involves initiating the playing of the video shortly after the first few seconds of the video file have downloaded.

Successive segments are downloaded but not saved and get discarded when played

36
Q

What are the advantages of streaming?

A

The video is unlikely to be replicated
The user does not have to wait for the entire file to download
Does not need the computer to be capable of storing the entire file

37
Q

What is buffering

A

During streaming, an storage area known as a buffer is made.

It holds downloaded segments of the video which have not yet been played

It empties as the video plays and refills during the downloading process.

38
Q

What happens if the buffer becomes close to empty?

A

Images of a lesser quality will be downloaded or the streaming will pause so that the buffer can refill and download the video/images quicker

39
Q

How do we hear sound compared to computers

A

Sound we hear is the continuous vibration of air particles and is an analogue signal that computers don’t understand.

40
Q

How do computers understand sound we make?

A

They use an ADC ( Analogue to digital converter) to convert sound we can understand into binary which the computer understands

41
Q

How do computers covert sound from binary so we can understand it?

A

They use a DAC (Digital to analogue converter) to covert digital sound back to analogue so humans can understand it again.

42
Q

Where are the ADC and DAC located in a computer

A

Both are in the computer’s sound card

43
Q

What is sampling?

A

When we record sound at set time intervals and is measured in hertz.
1 hertz = 1 sample taken per second.
Digital sound is broken down into thousands of samples per second.

44
Q

What is sample frequency?

A

The amount of times at which a sample in a sound file is taken.

45
Q

How many hertz is in most CDs

A

44,100 Hertz

46
Q

What is each sound sample stored as?

A

Binary data

47
Q

What is sample rate?

A

Quantity of samples taken per second

48
Q

what is Bit depth?

A

Number of bits of info in each sample - higher depth = higher quality

49
Q

What is bit rate and how do you find it?

A

The number of bits used per second of audio - how accurate - bps/kbps

Sample rate x Bit Depth = Bit Rate

50
Q

I just wanted to have a clean 50 flash cards in the set

A

D’accord!

Digital Technology - S1 (14 decks)

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