digestive systems

Question 1

dental carries

Answer 1

from biofilm members
bacterial acid demineralize enamel
do tooth cleaning

Question 2

peridontal disease

Answer 2

from plaque biofilm: plaque hardens to form tartar
=> triggers swelling, tenderness & bleeding gingia

also do tooth cleaning

Question 3

mump

Answer 3

by mump virus via airbone droplet and contam fomites
sympt: headache, fever, body ache
diagnosis: gland swelling over 2 days, PCR
take MMR vaccine

Question 4

cause of food- waterborne disease

Answer 4

1. pathogens from microbiome of animals raised for food, contam during slaugh
2. fecal-oral transmission common
3. intoxication: ingest toxin
4. infection: ingest bacteria

Question 5

how to do pathogen identification

Answer 5

Involves strain identification

**Protein **in flagella, cell wall, capsule are antigenic = can iduce immune response involving prpducing antibodies

Pathogen strains identified by that antiibodies rxn

Question 6

food poisoning vs foodborne infection

hint: incubation period

Answer 6

food poisoning can be the result of enterotoxins, causing noninfalm gastroenteritis

foodborne infection has a longer incubation period bcs pathogens have to establish itself in GI track

either cause inflammatory gastroenteriris (acute, noninvasive) vs **invasive **ver (< long lasting, damaging)

Question 7

cause of food poisoning

Answer 7

Staphlococcus aureus
**Clostridum **perfringens
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulium

Question 8

cholera

Answer 8

vibrio cholera (gram -) colonize an entire surface of intestine, creaing a thick biofilm
=> secretes cholera toxin, disriupt H20 balance:
loss of fluid + electrolytes
rehydration therapy

via shellfish / contam water

Question 9

cure for cholera / diarrrheagenic Escherichbia coli / C. difficile infection

Answer 9

• rehydration therapy
• rehydration therapy and antibitoics
• fluid replacement, antibiotis, microbiomepinduced therapy

Question 10

diarrheagenic escsherichia coli

Answer 10

bvy pathogen strains distinguished by O & H antigens
transmitted via fecal-oral route, contact w/ infected animals
=> hand hygiene, water & food safety

take rehydration therapy and antibiotic

Question 11

cloistridiodes difficile infection: how toxins

hint: endospore, toxin

Answer 11

transmitted via microbiome of healthy ppl, inactive due to microbiol antagonism
=> antiobiotic-induced dsbiois leads to opportunistic overgrowth

releases 2 toxins 1) fluid loss, diarrhea 2) mucosal injuury, cell death

Question 12

contains beneficial bacteria yeast!
=> stabalizes gut microbiome
restores loss of normal biota e.g yogurt

Answer 12

probiotic

Question 13

defense mechanism of digestive system

Answer 13

mechanical fores (chewing, persitalsis) dislodge microbes from food
antimicrobial protein (lysozyme), stomach acid, mucus
epithelical lining forms the microbial defense

Question 14

gut microbiome:
- secretes ____ to digest ____
- optimuze immune rxn
- influence ___ dvelopment
- protect ____ surface from ____ attachment

Answer 14

• enzyme / polysacc
• brain
• epithelial / pathogen

Question 15

typhoid fever

Answer 15

5F- food / finer / flies / fecal contam water/ fomites
intestinal ulcer, bloody stool & ab pain
diagnosis via blood culture & antibiotics

Question 16

salmonellosis

animal shit

Answer 16

food water w/ animal feces
fever, neausea then vomitting, diarrhea
oral rehydration therpay

Question 17

shigellosis by shigella

Answer 17

va person-person, flies, food, fecal-oral route
=> hand hygeien, food & water safety
lack of colon, bloody diarrheam fever

Question 18

3 differneces betw heaptitis: A & E, C, B & D

Question 19

comapre & contrast rotavirus vs norovirus gastroenteritis

Question 20

severe diarrhea, via food & water contam w/ pouktry and animal feces

Answer 20

campylobacteriosis

Question 21

how does peptic ulcer disease occur?

hint: @ stomach

Answer 21

bacteria invade the stomach’s mucosa, secrete ammonia and toxin
=> destroy mucus cell

=> antibiotics

Question 22

relation btw hermorrhagic colitis & STEC bacteria & cow

Answer 22

via cattle feces & undercooked meat,
ab cramp, diarrhea & fever
supportive care