Digestive system: Small Intestine

Question 1

consists of three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum

Answer 1

small intestine

Question 2

nearly completes a 180-degree arc as it curves within the abdominal cavity and the head of the pancreas lies within this arc.

Answer 2

duodenum

Question 3

Within the duodenum, about two-thirds of the way down the descending part, are two small mounds:

Answer 3

major duodenal papilla and the minor duodenal papilla.

Question 4

mucosa and submucosa form a series of folds

Answer 4

circular folds, or plicae

Question 5

mucosa and submucosa form a series of folds called______

which run perpendicular to the long axis of the digestive tract.

Answer 5

circular folds, or plicae

Question 6

fingerlike projections of the mucosa form numerous.

which are 0.5-1.5 mm in length

Answer 6

villi

Question 7

villus is covered by simple columnar epithelium and contains a blood capillary network and a lymphatic capillary called

Answer 7

lacteal

Question 8

Most of the cells that make up the surface of the villi have numerous cytoplasmic extensions (about 1 um long)

Answer 8

microvilli

Question 9

The combined microvilli on the entire epithelial surface form_______

Answer 9

brush border

Question 10

are cells with microvilli that produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food;

Answer 10

Absorptive cells

Question 11

produce a protective mucus;

Answer 11

goblet cells

Question 12

may help protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria;

Answer 12

granular cells, or Paneth cells

Question 13

produce regulatory hormones.

Answer 13

endocrine cells

Question 14

The epithelial cells are produced within tubular invaginations of the mucosa,

Answer 14

intestinal glands

Question 15

submucosa of the duodenum contains coiled, tubular mucous glands, open into the base of the intestinal glands.

Answer 15

duodenal glands

Question 16

similar in structure to the duodenum

Answer 16

Jejunum and Ileum

Question 17

Lymphatic nodules, which are numerous in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum.

Answer 17

Peyer patches

Question 18

site where the ileum connects to the large intestine

Answer 18

ileocecal junction.

Question 19

ring of smooth muscle

Answer 19

ileocecal sphincter

Question 20

allow intestinal contents to move from the ileum to the large intestine, but not in the opposite direction

Answer 20

ileocecal valve,

Question 21

surface-bound enzymes, which break down disaccharides to monosaccharides

Answer 21

disaccharidases,

Question 22

surface-bound enzymes, which hydrolyze the peptide bonds between small amino acid chains

Answer 22

peptidases