Digestive System Quiz

Question 1

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

Answer 1

A bundle of muscles at the low end of the esophagus/top of the stomach. Prevents stomach contents and acid from escaping into the esophagus .

Question 2

Esophagus

Answer 2

A muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach.

Question 3

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 3

A smooth piece of visceral muscle which acts as a valve to regulate the flow of food from the stomach to the duodenum. Stays open when stomach is empty to allow water to pass, but closes when food is ingested to allow for digestion.

Question 4

Mucus

Answer 4

Moistens food and helps it form into a clump in the mouth, while also being released in the small intestine by goblet cells.

Question 5

Salivary Gland

Answer 5

A tissue in your mouth that secretes saliva and especially activates when you eat something really sweet or chew. Ducts are used to expel the saliva.

Question 6

Saliva

Answer 6

A mix of water, mucus, antibacterial substances, and digestive enzymes, including amylase. Amylase begins the breakdown of starch into glucose.

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. Occurs in the esophagus, stomach (pyloric sphincter), small intestine, large intestine.

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

Creates enzymes that break down sugars, fats, and starches. Creates an enzyme called insulin which regulates concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question 9

Stomach

Answer 9

Digestive sac that chemically breaks down food. Lining contains cells that produce digestive enzymes and acids. Smooth muscles contracts to mix the contents. Has lots of nerves to signal when full.

Question 10

Villi

Answer 10

Folds in the small intestine which maximize surface area and are specialized for absorption so nutrients can diffuse through them and enter the bloodstream. Thin cell wall.

Question 11

Jejunum

Answer 11

One of the three sections that make up the small intestine. Vital for breaking down and absorbing nutrients and water from food.

Question 12

Large Intestine

Answer 12

Absorbs water and salts and gets rid of any waste left over by changing liquid to stool. Peristalsis moves stool into rectum.

Question 13

Liver

Answer 13

Produces bile which helps break down fat

Question 14

Ducts

Answer 14

Small tubes in the small intestine which connect to the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder.

Question 15

Small Intestine

Answer 15

Where most nutrient absorption takes place. Absorbs nutrients and distributes them to the body

Question 16

Gall Bladder

Answer 16

Small, pear shaped muscle sac that acts as a storage tank for bile.

Question 17

Goblet Cells

Answer 17

Reside in the small and large intestine and produce a mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting mucin.