Biology Unit Test

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Division of the contents of the nucleus. PMAT - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Longest stage in cell cycle, not a resting stage, DNA is in a very long, thin, invisible strand called chromatin. DNA strand is duplicated. More organelles are formed.

Question 3

Shoot

Answer 3

Above ground, elevates plant, functions are photosynthesis, reproduction, dispersal, food, and water conduction.

Question 4

Root

Answer 4

Usually underground, anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs and conducts water and nutrients, food storage.

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

A cell structure that performs a specific function for the cell

Question 6

Finding DNA

Answer 6

DNA can be found in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 7

Cell theory

Answer 7

All living things are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 8

Organelles only in plant cells

Answer 8

Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Vacuole (one large instead of many tiny)

Question 9

Organelles only in animal cells

Answer 9

Centrosomes and lysosomes.

Question 10

Levels of biological organization

Answer 10

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

Question 11

Red Blood Cells

Answer 11

Small, disk-shaped blood cells which make up 1/2 of blood volume and carry oxygen to organs, produced in bone marrow, and hemoglobin contains/carries blood cells and O2.

Question 12

White Blood Cells

Answer 12

Fight bacteria and viruses, only blood cell with a nucleus, less than 1% of blood volume.

Question 13

Tissue

Answer 13

A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit. Intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells. Four types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

Question 14

Chlorplasts

Answer 14

Absorb light energy; used in the process of photosynthesis. CO2 and water and turned into glucose and oxygen.

Question 15

Benign Tumor

Answer 15

A tumour that does not affect surrounding tissues other than by physically crowding them.

Question 16

Metastasis

Answer 16

The process of cancer cells breaking away from the original tumour and establishing another (secondary) tumour elsewhere.

Question 17

Photosynthesis

Answer 17

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Question 18

Xylem

Answer 18

Water-conducting tissue with thick cell walls that transport water and minerals from roots; mature and die, leaving behind hollow cells.

Question 19

Phloem

Answer 19

Food-conducting tissue with thin cell walls that transport sugar and other products up and down. The two types are sieve-tube elements and companion cells.

Question 20

Endoscopy

Answer 20

Used to screen for colon cancer, cable with a light and camera.

Question 21

X-Ray

Answer 21

Used to view parts of the body like bones and lungs, a mammogram is a specialized x-ray for breast tissue.

Question 22

Ultrasound

Answer 22

Uses high-frequency sound waves to create digital images, used to view soft tissue like heart or liver.

Question 23

CT scan

Answer 23

X-ray from multiple angles, can view body parts unable to be seen with regular x-ray scans.

Question 24

MRI

Answer 24

Radio waves and a magnetic field create a 3D model. Used to view bones, cancer, and is the most detailed view.

Question 25

Cytokinesis

Answer 25

Cytoplasm divides, producing two identical daughter cells. In plant cells, a cell plate forms into a new cell wall between the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the cell membrane is pinched in the center (cleavage furrow).

Question 26

Aorta

Answer 26

Main artery leading away from heart.

Question 27

Arteries

Answer 27

Carry blood away from the heart, thick walls to withstand greater pressure, branch into smaller arterioles.

Question 28

Veins

Answer 28

Carry blood toward the heart, lower pressure, not as thick, valves prevent backflow, branch into smaller venules.

Question 29

Capillaries

Answer 29

Link arteries and veins together. Thin walls allow substances to diffuse from the blood to surrounding tissue.

Question 30

RBC

Answer 30

Too many = blood clots
Too little = Anemia

Question 31

WBC

Answer 31

Too many = May have an infection, cancer or autoimmune disorders.

Too little = vulnerable/compromised immune system

Question 32

Plasma

Answer 32

Too much = may have Plasma cell neoplasms which can be benign or malignant.
Too little = malnutrition, kidney or liver disease.

Question 33

Platelets

Answer 33

Too many = blood clots, bleeding, bruising.
Too little = Excessive internal bleeding.

Question 34

Prophase

Answer 34

Long strands of DNA condense into a compact form referred to as chromosomes (consist of two identical strands called sister chromatids). Sister chromatids are held together by a centromere. Nuclear membrane dissolves, nucleolus disappears, spindle fibres form from the centrosome (cellular structure involved in cell division)

Question 35

Metaphase

Answer 35

Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell, spindle fibres stretch all the way from centrosome to centrosome, chromosomes attach to spindle fibres at their centromere, easiest stage to recognize under the microscope

Question 36

Anaphase

Answer 36

Centromere splits, spindle fibres retract, each pulling a chromatid towards one end of the cell, sister chromatids separate, now called “daughter chromosomes” (They move to opposite poles of the cell). Under a microscope, daughter chromosomes appear to be pulled apart.

Question 37

Telophase

Answer 37

Daughter chromosomes stretch out, become thinner and are no longer visible. Nuclear membrane forms around each group of daughter chromosomes, cell appears to have two nuclei, nucleolus appears. The rest of the cell is ready to divide

Question 38

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