Digestive System & Nutrition

Question 1

celiac disease (sprue)

Answer 1

immune system attacks gluten

Question 2

cholera

Answer 2

causes diarrhea

an infection of the small intestine

Question 3

amebic dysentery

Answer 3

type of dysentery caused by amoeba

causes diarrhea

Question 4

gastric ulcers

Answer 4

ulcer in the stomach
erosion of lining of stomach
may bleed or perforate (hole forms through entire wall of stomach

Question 5

cirrhosis

Answer 5

excess accumulation of fat
caused by alcohol, excessively fatty diet, or genetics
scarring of the liver

Question 6

hepatitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the liver

Question 7

hepatitis A

Answer 7

from contaminated water or food

Question 8

hepatitis B

Answer 8

from sexual contact, blood, contaminated needles

Question 9

hepatitis C

Answer 9

from infected blood, contaminated needles

Question 10

polyp

Answer 10

a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum

can become cancerous tumors (why you need to get a colonoscopy)

Question 11

colonoscopy

Answer 11

a diagnostic test to detect colon cancer

a long tube is threaded through the entire colon

Question 12

BMI

Answer 12

evaluates your weight in relation to your height
provides an estimation of body fat
BMI > 30 is usually considered unhealthy and an indication of obesity

Question 13

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)

Answer 13

the minimum calories (energy) needed to keep the resting body working

Question 14

vitamins

Answer 14

organic compounds needed in small quantities, but essential for health and growth
usually functions as co-enszymes
water soluble: vitamin C & various vitamin Bs
fat soluble: vitamin A, D, E, and K
our cells cannot make vitamins (except for vitamin D)

Question 15

essential amino acids

Answer 15

9 remaining amino acids that the body cannot synthesize
must be supplied by the diet
make up 10-35% of total calories in an adequate diet

Question 16

essential fatty acids

Answer 16

make up 20-35% of total calories in an adequate diet

ex: Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) and linoleic acid (omega 6)

Question 17

cholesterol

Answer 17

increases risk of atherosclerosis
the structural basis of steroids
synthesized by our bodies

Question 18

complementary proteins

Answer 18

combinations of incomplete proteins from two or more plan sources that together supply ample amounts of all the essential amino acids important in vegetarian diets

Question 19

examples of incomplete protiens

Answer 19

nuts and seeds
legumes (beans)
grains

Question 20

malabsorption syndrome

Answer 20

when food is not properly absorbed from the small intestine

lactose intolerance, celiac disease

Question 21

anorexia

Answer 21

deliberate self starvation

an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self-image

Question 22

bulemia

Answer 22

binge eating and then throwing it all up

Question 23

GMO (genetically modified organisms) pros/cons

Answer 23

PROs: increases nutritional value, increases product yield
CONs: possible long-term human health risk, development of resistance to pesticide, kills beneficial insects, spread of genes to wild species, increased use of herbicides, further promotion of monoculture

Question 24

What happens to amino acids if we take in more than the body needs to build proteins?

Answer 24

the excess amino acids are removed as waste

Question 25

mineral

Answer 25

inorganic substance

ex: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride

Question 26

1 lb of fat = ____ calories

Answer 26

3500 calories

Question 27

daily calorie intake

Answer 27

2000 calories