Bone

Question 1

osteocyte

Answer 1

mature bone cells

Question 2

osteoblast

Answer 2

makes bone

they are a deposit matrix

Question 3

osteoclast

Answer 3

breaks down bone (and then the body reabsorbs the calcium)

Question 4

yellow bone marrow

Answer 4

function is to store fat

Question 5

red bone marrow

Answer 5

function is to produce blood cells

Question 6

osteoperosis

Answer 6

when breakdown of bone exceeds deposition
bones loose density, become weak and fragile
importance of calcium, vitamin D, and exercise

Question 7

thyroid hormone (TH)

Answer 7

necessary in bone growth

regulates metabolic rate and stimulates protein synthesis

Question 8

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 8

primary function is to stimulate growth–> stimulates bone growth

Question 9

vitamin D

Answer 9

promotes absorption of calcium

sources: dairy, eggs, “fatty” fish, meat, sunglight

Question 10

calcitonin

Answer 10

decreases plasma concentration of calcium

moves calcium from plasma to bone

Question 11

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 11

increases plasma concentration of calcium
moves calcium from bone to blood
decreases loss of calcium in urine

Question 12

functions of bone

Answer 12

• support
• movement
• protection
• storage of materials (bone is major calcium reservoir)
• storage of fat (yellow bone marrow)
• produces blood cells (red bone marrow)

Question 13

What do the development of bone in the fetus and the repair of a broken bone have in common?

Answer 13

repair of broken bone begins by the bone producing cartilage. the skeleton of a fetus is made of cartilage
cartilage cells divide and make more cartilage which allows the fetus’s skeleton to grown and a broken bone to heal

Question 14

What hormones are involved in bone growth?

Answer 14

thyroid hormone
growth hormone
sex hormones

Question 15

What hormones are involved in the cessation of the elongation of bones when a child reaches puberty?

Answer 15

sex steroids promote bone elongation until puberty, then inhibit bone elongation

Question 16

Where is growth hormone produced?

Answer 16

in the anterior pituitary

Question 17

What is the consequence of too little growth hormone?

Answer 17

pituitary dwarfism

Question 18

What is the consequence of too much growth hormone?

Answer 18

gigantism

Question 19

What hormones are involved in regulating plasma-calcium concentration?

Answer 19

• PTH (parathyroid hormone)
• calcitonin
• vitamin D

Question 20

Why is tight regulation of the plasma concentration of calcium critical? (calcium homeostasis)

Answer 20

Calcium is important for:

• signaling
• cell to cell connections
• blood clotting
• neuronal excitability

Question 21

What is the role of vitamin D and how does it affect bone health?

Answer 21

role: promotes absorption of calcium

affects bone health by keeping bones strong, fights osteoporosis