digestive system- Chapter 14

Question 1

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 1

continuous/coiled/hollow muscular tube that winds through ventral body cavity

Question 2

oral cavity

Answer 2

mouth

mucous membrane-lined cavity

Question 3

hard palate

Answer 3

anterior (front) roof of mouth

Question 4

soft palate

Answer 4

posterior(back) roof of mouth

Question 5

uvula

Answer 5

fleshy finger-like projection of soft palate

dangly thing in back of throat

Question 6

lingual frenulum

Answer 6

secures tongue to floor of mouth and limits posterior movements

Question 7

pharynx

Answer 7

muscular tube extending from naval cavity to esophagus

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

passageway that conducts food to stomach

Question 9

mucosa

Answer 9

innermost layer of esophagus

Question 10

submucosa

Answer 10

found under mucosa

contains blood vessels/nerve endings/lymph nodules/ lymphatic vessels

Question 11

muscularis externa

Answer 11

muscle layer made of inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

Question 12

serosa

Answer 12

outermost layer of wall of esophagus

Question 13

visceral peritoneum

Answer 13

inner layer of abdomen wall

Question 14

parietal peritoneum

Answer 14

outer layer of abdomen wall

Question 15

mesentery

Answer 15

double layered membrane of peritoneum that supports most organs in abdomen

Question 16

stomach

Answer 16

place where food gets digested

Question 17

cardioesophageal sphincter

Answer 17

where food enters stomach from esophagus

Question 18

pyloric sphincter

Answer 18

allows food to pass or be retained

Question 19

rugae

Answer 19

large folds

Question 20

greater curvature

Answer 20

convex lateral surface of stomach

Question 21

lesser curvature

Answer 21

concave medial surface of stomach

Question 22

greater omentum

Answer 22

covers abdominal organs

Question 23

chyme

Answer 23

food after it has been processed in the stomach

Question 24

small intestine

Answer 24

body’s major digestive organ

Question 25

ileocecal valve

Answer 25

separates small and large intestine

Question 26

duodem

Answer 26

first section of small intestine

Question 27

jejunum

Answer 27

second section of small intestine

Question 28

ileum

Answer 28

third section of small intestine

Question 29

pancreatic ducts

Answer 29

complete chemical breakdown of foods in small intestine

Question 30

bile duct

Answer 30

the duct that conveys bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum

Question 31

large intestine

Answer 31

shorter in length than small intestine

dry out indigestible food and eliminates waste

Question 32

cecum

Answer 32

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines

Question 33

appendix

Answer 33

hangs from cecum and is wormlike

Question 34

colon

Answer 34

extends from cecum to rectum

Question 35

rectum

Answer 35

last section of large intestine

Question 36

anal canal

Answer 36

terminal part of the large intestine

Question 37

ascending colon

Answer 37

travels up right side of abdominal cavity

Question 38

transverse colon

Answer 38

middle part of large intestine passing across abdomen from right to left below stomach

Question 39

descending colon

Answer 39

the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum

Question 40

sigmoid colon

Answer 40

the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum

Question 41

liver

Answer 41

largest gland in body

Question 42

gall bladder

Answer 42

small, thin walled green sac