Digestive system

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

mental health issues such as increased risk of suicide
substance abuse — you may become dependent or addicted to alcohol, especially if you have depression or anxiety
increased risk of diabetes and weight gain
impotence and other problems with sexual performance
cancers such as stomach cancer, bowel cancer, breast cancer, mouth cancer, throat cancer, oesophageal cancer and liver cancer

Question 2

alimentary canal

Answer 2

passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.

Question 3

bolus

Answer 3

round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 4

oesophagus

Answer 4

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 5

peristalsis

Answer 5

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 6

stomach

Answer 6

a large muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein

Question 7

small intestines

Answer 7

the part of the digestive system between the stomach and large intestine, where much of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients takes place

Question 8

absoption

Answer 8

the taking in of a substance, for example from the intestine to the surrounding capillaries

Question 9

villi

Answer 9

tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximize the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Singular = villus.

Question 10

nutrient

Answer 10

substances that provide energy and chemicals that living things need to stay alive, grow and reproduce

Question 11

bile

Answer 11

a substance produced by the liver that helps digest fats and oils

Question 12

gall bladder

Answer 12

a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

Question 13

lipids

Answer 13

type of nutrients that include fats and oils

Question 14

lipases

Answer 14

enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

amylases

Answer 15

an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar

Question 16

proteases

Answer 16

enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids

Question 17

pancreas

Answer 17

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

Question 18

colon

Answer 18

the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into the body

Question 19

large intestines

Answer 19

the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

Question 20

Vitamin D

Answer 20

a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone

Question 21

cellulose

Answer 21

a natural substance that keeps the cell wall of plants rigid

Question 22

rectum

Answer 22

the final section of the digestive system, where waste food matter is stored as faeces before being excreted through the anus

Question 23

anus

Answer 23

the final part of the digestive system, through which faeces are passed as waste

Question 24

emulsify

Answer 24

combine two liquids that do not normally mix easily

Question 25

denatured

Answer 25

describes the condition of proteins after they have been overheated