Body systems Flashcards
Molecules
two or more atoms joined (bonded) together, forming a small particle
Organelles
small structure in a cell with a special function
Cells
the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.
Tissues
groups of cells performing the same function
Cellular respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
Respiratory System
the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide
Circulatory System
the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels and blood.
Blood cells
any of the many types of cells found in blood including red and white blood cells
Blood vessels
the veins, arteries and capillaries through which the blood flows around the body
Heart
the veins, arteries and capillaries through which the blood flows around the body
Arteries
hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts
Capillaries
minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves and thinner walls than arteries.
Digestive system
a complex series of organs and glands that processes food to supply the body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively
Excretory system
the body system that removes waste substances from the body
musculoskeletal system
consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.
Reproductive system
the body system involving the reproductive organs, which differ between males and females
Nervous system
the system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal in which messages are sent
Endocrine System
the body system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate processes in various organs
musculoskeletal system
system consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.
skeletal system
consists of the bones and joints
Skeletal Muscle System
voluntary or striated muscle
Skeleton
the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement
Bones
the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate
Bone marrow
a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made
Cartilage
a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.
Calcium
an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.
Phosphorus
a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.
Minerals
any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods
Ossification
hardening of bones
Brittle
breaks easily into many pieces
joint
region where two bones meet
ligaments
band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place
Synovial Fluid
the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other
Pivot joint
joint that allows a twisting movement
Hinge joints
joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only
Ball and socket joints
joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another
Immovable joint
joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow
Muscles
tissue consisting of cells that can shorten
Involuntary muscles
muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.
