Body systems

Question 1

Molecules

Answer 1

two or more atoms joined (bonded) together, forming a small particle

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

small structure in a cell with a special function

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

Question 4

Tissues

Answer 4

groups of cells performing the same function

Question 5

Cellular respiration

Answer 5

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 6

Respiratory System

Answer 6

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 7

Circulatory System

Answer 7

the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels and blood.

Question 8

Blood cells

Answer 8

any of the many types of cells found in blood including red and white blood cells

Question 9

Blood vessels

Answer 9

the veins, arteries and capillaries through which the blood flows around the body

Question 10

Heart

Answer 10

the veins, arteries and capillaries through which the blood flows around the body

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts

Question 12

Capillaries

Answer 12

minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.

Question 13

Veins

Answer 13

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves and thinner walls than arteries.

Question 14

Digestive system

Answer 14

a complex series of organs and glands that processes food to supply the body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively

Question 15

Excretory system

Answer 15

the body system that removes waste substances from the body

Question 16

musculoskeletal system

Answer 16

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

Question 17

Reproductive system

Answer 17

the body system involving the reproductive organs, which differ between males and females

Question 18

Nervous system

Answer 18

the system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal in which messages are sent

Question 19

Endocrine System

Answer 19

the body system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate processes in various organs

Question 20

musculoskeletal system

Answer 20

system consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

Question 21

skeletal system

Answer 21

consists of the bones and joints

Question 22

Skeletal Muscle System

Answer 22

voluntary or striated muscle

Question 23

Skeleton

Answer 23

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

Question 24

Bones

Answer 24

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

Question 25

Bone marrow

Answer 25

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

Question 26

Cartilage

Answer 26

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

Question 27

Calcium

Answer 27

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

Question 28

Phosphorus

Answer 28

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

Question 29

Minerals

Answer 29

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

Question 30

Ossification

Answer 30

hardening of bones

Question 31

Brittle

Answer 31

breaks easily into many pieces

Question 32

joint

Answer 32

region where two bones meet

Question 33

ligaments

Answer 33

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

Question 34

Synovial Fluid

Answer 34

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

Question 35

Pivot joint

Answer 35

joint that allows a twisting movement

Question 36

Hinge joints

Answer 36

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

Question 37

Ball and socket joints

Answer 37

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

Question 38

Immovable joint

Answer 38

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

Question 39

Muscles

Answer 39

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

Question 40

Involuntary muscles

Answer 40

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.