Digestive System

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

breakdown of food particles into its constituent organic molecules: lipids (fats) into free fattty acids and glycerol, starches and other carbohydrates into monosaccharides and proteins into amino acids

Question 2

Mechanical digestion

Answer 2

physical breakdown to large food particles into smaller food particles, but does not involve breaking chemical bonds

Question 3

Chemical digestion

Answer 3

enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds such as peptide bonds of proteins or the glycosidic bonds of starches

Question 4

Abosorption

Answer 4

involves the transport of product of digestion from the digestive tract into the circulatory system for distribution to the body’s tissues and cells

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

shared pathway for both food entering the digestive system and air entering the respiratory system

Question 6

From the pharynx, food enters the ______, which transports food to the stomach

Answer 6

esophagus

Question 7

From the stomach, food travels to the __________ and then the _________

Answer 7

small intestine; large intestine

Question 8

Waste produced of digestion enter the ____, where feces are stored until the appropriate time of release.

Answer 8

rectum

Question 9

The accessory organic of digestion

Answer 9

salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder

help to provide the enzymes and lubrication necessary to aid the digestion of food

Question 10

enteric nervous system

Answer 10

neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system

these neurons are present in the walls of the digestive tract and triggers peristalsis, or rhythmic contraction of the gut tube, in order to move materials through the system

its activity is UPregulated by the parasympathetic nervous system and DOWNregulated by the sympathetic nervous system

Question 11

the _______ nervous system is involved in stimulation of digestive, activities, increasing secretion from exocrine glands and promoting peristalsis.

Answer 11

parasympathetic

Question 12

intracellular digestion

Answer 12

involves oxidation of glucose and fatty acids to make energy

Question 13

extracellular digestion

Answer 13

process by which nutrients are obtains from food that occurs within the lumen of the alimentary canal

Question 14

the pathway of the digestive tract is:

Answer 14

oral cavity –> pharynx –> esophagus –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> rectum

Question 15

Which hormones trigger thirst?

Answer 15

ADH and aldosterone

Question 16

Mastication

Answer 16

chewing
increasing surface area to volume ratio of the food
moderates food size

our muscular tongue forms food into a BOLUS, which is forced back to the pharynx and swallowed.

Question 17

Saliva

Answer 17

aids mechanical digestion by moistening and lubricating the food

innervated by the parasympathetic NS
contains salivary amylase - which is capable of hydrolyzing starch into smaller sugars (maltose and doctrines) while lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids

Question 18

Pharynx is divided into 3 parts:

Answer 18

nasopharynx (behind the nasal cavity)
oropharynx (at the back of the mouth)
laryngopharynx (above the vocal cords)