Digestive System

Question 1

organs of the digestive system

Answer 1

oral cavity, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, esophagus, colon, liver, pancreas

Question 2

upper gastrointestinal tract

Answer 2

• oral cavity
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• duodenum

Question 3

lower gastrointestinal tract

Answer 3

most of the small and large intestine.
small intestine:
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum

Question 4

assessment techniques for the digestive system

Answer 4

physical exam, gastric analysis, fecal analysis, radiography, and endoscopy

Question 5

types of endoscopies

Answer 5

colonoscopy, gastrointestinal endoscopy, proctoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy

Question 6

dental caries/cavities

Answer 6

most common non-communicable disease. severe cavities can affect general health and cause pain and infection which can lead to tooth extraction

Question 7

cleft lip/palate

Answer 7

the incomplete fusion of the upper lip and nasal elevation of an embryonic structure during the second month of gestation

Question 8

alactasia (lactose intolerance)

Answer 8

not enough of the enzyme lactase is produced. the unabsorbed lactase ferments in the intestines leading to gas, cramps, and diarrhea

Question 9

anorexia

Answer 9

lack of appetite

Question 10

anorexia nervosa

Answer 10

compulsive dieting and excessive exercise which can lead to cardiac disorders due to weakness from lack of food.

Question 11

bulimia nervosa

Answer 11

excessive eating but then inducing vomiting (binging then purging)

Question 12

achalasia

Answer 12

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

Question 13

gastritis

Answer 13

inflammation of the stomach lining

Question 14

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 14

frequent heartburn or chest pain, difficulty swallowing, bitter taste in the mouth, or coughing due to regurgitation

Question 15

halitosis

Answer 15

bad breath caused by anaerobic bacteria

Question 16

gastroenteritis

Answer 16

vomiting and diarrhea
acute: caused by bacteria and viruses like Rotavirus and toxins
chronic: caused by malabsorption disorders (like Chrons and celiac) and allergic disorders

Question 17

food poisoning

Answer 17

botulism: characterized by paralysis and is often fatal
E. coli: characterized by watery bloody diarrhea and is often accompanied by a high fever
salmonella: severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting accompanied by a high fever

Question 18

pancreatitis

Answer 18

the inflammation of the pancreas. a mild acute or chronic condition resulting from gallbladder stone blockage, disease, injury, or alcoholism

Question 19

peptic ulcer

Answer 19

ulcer of the stomach

Question 20

peritonitis

Answer 20

inflammation of the abdominal cavity caused by bacteria

Question 21

cholelithiasis

Answer 21

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 22

cirrhosis

Answer 22

scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage

Question 23

colitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the colon

Question 24

colon cancer

Answer 24

abnormal growth in the large intestine

Question 25

constipation

Answer 25

the inability to defecate

Question 26

celiac disease

Answer 26

the inability of children to digest gliadin (a component of gluten) found in wheat and oats

Question 27

chron’s disease

Answer 27

inflammation and ulceration of the ileum, colon, or both

Question 28

diverticulitis

Answer 28

weakening of the colon wall leading to the formation of a pouch causing infection or abscesses if fecal material is trapped

Question 29

appendicitis

Answer 29

inflammation of the appendix

Question 30

hemorrhoid

Answer 30

painful dilated vein in the lower rectum or anus

Question 31

hepatitis

Answer 31

viral infection of the liver

Question 32

jaundice

Answer 32

yellow discoloration of the skin due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 33

anal fistula

Answer 33

abnormal tunnel that develops from inside the anus to the skin outside, often to due to a previous abcesses

Question 34

cancer in the digestive system

Answer 34

may occur at any point in the gastrointestinal tract (tongue cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer)