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Science > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

oral cavity

A

The mouth, or oral cavity, is the first part of the digestive tract

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2
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

The organs that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested, absorbed, and leave the body as feces.

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3
Q

hard palate

A

The front, bony part of the roof of the mouth.

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4
Q

soft palate

A

makes up the posterior third of the palate and is a posterior continuation of the hard palate

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5
Q

uvula

A

The soft flap of tissue that hangs down at the back of the mouth (at the edge of the soft palate)

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6
Q

lingual frenulum

A

a fold of mucous membrane found underneath the tongue

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7
Q

pharynx

A

The hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach)

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8
Q

esophagus

A

The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach

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9
Q

mucosa

A

The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities

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10
Q

submucosa

A

The layer of tissue under the mucosa

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11
Q

muscularis externa

A

A region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane.

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12
Q

serosa

A

The outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest, including the stomach.

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13
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

The layers of tissue that cover the outer surface of most organs in the abdomen, including the intestines.

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14
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

an outer layer which adheres to the anterior and posterior abdominal walls

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15
Q

mesentery

A

a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place

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16
Q

stomach

A

an important organ and the most dilated portion of the digestive system

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17
Q

cardioesophageal sphincter

A

an involuntary sphincter located at the bottom of the esophagus, where it connects with the stomach.

18
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the top of the small intestine.

19
Q

rugae

A

A fold or crease, esp. one of the folds of mucous membrane on the internal surface of the stomach

20
Q

greater curvature

A

the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum

21
Q

lesser curvature

A

the boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum

22
Q

greater omentum

A

a 4-layered fold of peritoneum that extends down from the stomach, covering much of the colon and small bowel

23
Q

chyme

A

a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion

24
Q

small intestine

A

A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine

25
Q

ileocecal valve

A

a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the ileum (last portion of your small intestine) and the colon (first portion of your large intestine)

26
Q

duodenum

A

The first part of the small intestine

27
Q

jejunum

A

The middle part of the small intestine

28
Q

ileum

A

The last part of the small intestine

29
Q

pancreatic ducts

A

Part of a system of ducts in the pancreas

30
Q

bile duct

A

A tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine

31
Q

large intestine

A

The long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other.

32
Q

cecum

A

A pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine.

33
Q

appendix

A

A small, fingerlike pouch that sticks out from the cecum

34
Q

colon

A

The longest part of the large intestine

35
Q

rectum

A

The last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus.

36
Q

anal canal

A

the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract that conveys material from the rectum to the anus

37
Q

ascending colon

A

one of the four major regions of the colon, which is itself one of the parts of our large intestine

38
Q

transverse colon

A

a segment of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdomen and sits beneath other organs in the abdominal cavity

39
Q

descending colon

A

a section of the large intestine that passes downward

40
Q

sigmoid colon

A

an ā€œSā€ shaped portion of the large intestine that begins in front of the pelvic brim as a continuation of the descending colon and becomes the rectum at the level of the third sacral vertebrae.

41
Q

liver

A

A large organ located in the upper abdomen

42
Q

gall bladder

A

The pear-shaped organ found below the liver

Science (21 decks)

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