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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

Name the organs of the digestive system and describe their function. define combining forms of organs and know the meaning of the terminology. Describe the signs, symptoms, and disease conditions affecting the digestive system.

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Another name for the digestive system

A

Gastrointestinal system

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2
Q

4 main function of system

A

Ingestion Digestion Absorp[tion Elimination

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3
Q

Defn: Ingestion

A

food material taken in mouth

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4
Q

Defn: Digestion

A

Food broken down mechanically, chemically

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5
Q

amino acids break down ____________

A

proteins

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6
Q

sugars are broken down by ___________

A

glucose

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7
Q

Fatty Acids break down_____________

A

fats

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8
Q

Where/how does Absorption occur ?

A

small intestine, nutrients pass into bld stream, where its burned for energy

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9
Q

what is Elimination?

A

The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into bloodstream.

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10
Q

Where does the digestive system begin?

A

the mouth

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11
Q

name 3 salivary glands

A

parotid

sublingual

submandibular

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12
Q

Name the top part of the stomach

A

Fundus

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13
Q

Name the lower part of the stomach

A

Antrum

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14
Q

the name of the sphincter right before the Duodenum

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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15
Q

Products of the liver

A

bile

bilirubin

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16
Q

Functions of the liver

A

maintain blood glucose levels

makes blood proteins necessary for clotting

removes toxins and poisons from blood

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17
Q

The pancrease secretes ________ into the bloodstream.

A

insulin

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18
Q

The pancreas secretes ________ into the duodenum for digestion.

A

Enzymes

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19
Q

first part of the large intestine

A

Cecum

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20
Q

Defn: Deglutition

A

swallowing

21
Q

Defn: Amylase

A

enzyme secreted by pancreas and salivary gland to digest starch

22
Q

Defn: Appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

23
Q

Defn: Bile

A

Digestive juice made in liver

stored in gullbladder

breaks up fats

24
Q

bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

25
Q

Defn: bowel

A

intestines

26
Q

Defn: Canine teeth

A

pointed, next to incisors

27
Q

Defn: colon

A

Large intestine

28
Q

Defn: Common Bile duct/choledochus

A

carries bile from liver and gullbladder to the duodenum

29
Q

Defn: dentin

A

primary material found in teeth

30
Q

duodenum

A

first part of small intestine

31
Q

Enamel

A

hard, outermost layer of tooth

32
Q

glycogen

A

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver

33
Q

Hydrochloric Acid
HCl

A

produced in the stomach

34
Q

ileum

A

third part of the small intestine

35
Q

incisor

A

one of four front teeth in dental arch

36
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas

transports sugar from blood into cells

stimulates glycogen formation

37
Q

jejunum

A

second part of small intestine

38
Q

Lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats

39
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

40
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

41
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth

42
Q

papillae

A

nipple-like elevations on the tongue

43
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to the liver from intestines

44
Q

protease

A

enzyme that digest protein

45
Q

rugae

A

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

46
Q

sigmoid colon

A

fourth, last, s-shaped segment of the colon

47
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecule

48
Q

villi

A

projections in the wall of the small intestine

49
Q
A

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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