Digestive System Flashcards
Name the organs of the digestive system and describe their function. define combining forms of organs and know the meaning of the terminology. Describe the signs, symptoms, and disease conditions affecting the digestive system.
Another name for the digestive system
Gastrointestinal system
4 main function of system
Ingestion Digestion Absorp[tion Elimination
Defn: Ingestion
food material taken in mouth
Defn: Digestion
Food broken down mechanically, chemically
amino acids break down ____________
proteins
sugars are broken down by ___________
glucose
Fatty Acids break down_____________
fats
Where/how does Absorption occur ?
small intestine, nutrients pass into bld stream, where its burned for energy
what is Elimination?
The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into bloodstream.
Where does the digestive system begin?
the mouth
name 3 salivary glands
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
Name the top part of the stomach
Fundus
Name the lower part of the stomach
Antrum
the name of the sphincter right before the Duodenum
Pyloric Sphincter
Products of the liver
bile
bilirubin
Functions of the liver
maintain blood glucose levels
makes blood proteins necessary for clotting
removes toxins and poisons from blood
The pancrease secretes ________ into the bloodstream.
insulin
The pancreas secretes ________ into the duodenum for digestion.
Enzymes
first part of the large intestine
Cecum
Defn: Deglutition
swallowing
Defn: Amylase
enzyme secreted by pancreas and salivary gland to digest starch
Defn: Appendix
blind pouch hanging from the cecum
Defn: Bile
Digestive juice made in liver
stored in gullbladder
breaks up fats
bilirubin
Pigment released by the liver in bile
Defn: bowel
intestines
Defn: Canine teeth
pointed, next to incisors
Defn: colon
Large intestine
Defn: Common Bile duct/choledochus
carries bile from liver and gullbladder to the duodenum
Defn: dentin
primary material found in teeth
duodenum
first part of small intestine
Enamel
hard, outermost layer of tooth
glycogen
starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver
Hydrochloric Acid
HCl
produced in the stomach
ileum
third part of the small intestine
incisor
one of four front teeth in dental arch
insulin
hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas
transports sugar from blood into cells
stimulates glycogen formation
jejunum
second part of small intestine
Lipase
pancreatic enzyme needed to digest fats
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
Mastication
chewing
palate
roof of the mouth
papillae
nipple-like elevations on the tongue
portal vein
large vein bringing blood to the liver from intestines
protease
enzyme that digest protein
rugae
ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
sigmoid colon
fourth, last, s-shaped segment of the colon
triglycerides
fat molecule
villi
projections in the wall of the small intestine
