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ANSC 2340 > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

brachydont teeth

A

low-crowned teeth, root imbedded in jaw bone, enamel covers entire tooth

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2
Q

hypsodont teeth

A

teeth made for more wear and tear, high crowned teeth

grow continually

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3
Q

mono gastric digestion

A

performed by animals own digestive enzymes until partially digested enters intestines L intestine has many microorganisms that digest through fermentation

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4
Q

ruminants

A

complex stomachs

microorganisms have 1st opportunity to digest feed. large intestine as well

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5
Q

4 major functions of digestive system

A
  • ingestion, mastication, digestion, elimination
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6
Q

major organs od GIT (6)

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intsetine
big ol tube

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7
Q

accessory organs of GIT

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gall bladder

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8
Q

lumen

A

long tube from mouth to anus, opening in middle of intestinal tract is lumen, site of partially digested feed

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9
Q

mucosa

A

next to lumen, innermost layer
made of epithelial tissue, involved in most digestive absoprtive and secretory processes.
goblet cells to secrete mucus and villi for nutrient absorption

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10
Q

submucosse

A

under mucosa, connective tissue, contains blood and lymph vessels and nerves

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11
Q

serosa

A

outermost layer, loose connective tissue, reduces friction from muscle movements

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12
Q

prehension

A

ingestion of food
can involve teeth, tongue, lips, and movement of head and jaws
incisors for cutting grass or capture prey

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13
Q

what bone are the lower tech in?

A

mandible

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14
Q

what bone are upper canines, molars and premolars in>

A

maxilla/maxillary bone

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15
Q

upper incisor location

A

premaxilla/incisive bone

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16
Q

teeth function

A

particle size reduction
food gathering
protective function
mastication

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17
Q

order of the teeth from upper front to lower front

A 
incisors
canine
premolars
molars
lower molars
premolars
canine
incisors
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18
Q

pharynx/throat

A

common passage for food and air

connects nasal and oral cavities w trachea and esophagus respectively

19
Q

mucus

A

produced in mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, and throughout the gastrointestinal tract

20
Q

mucus function

A

lubricant
contains antibodies, enzymes, proteins to attack microbes
protects mucosa in GIT from enzymes and acids

21
Q

esophagus

A

collapsable muscular tube that extends from pharynx to stomach
goes down w peristalsis
cardiac sphincter at gastric end to prevent back flow of acidic contents from the stomach in the case of non-ruminants

22
Q

functions of simple stomach

A

storage and mechanical breakdown of ingested food. secretes digestive juices
production of intrinsic factor to facilitate bit. b12 absorption

23
Q

cardia

A

part of the simple stomach - entrance to the stomach at junction of esophagus and stomach
named after proximity to heart
mucus glands to secrete alkaline mucus against damage from gastric acids

24
Q

fundus

A

distensible sac - basically top of stomach
prominent ruge - allows to expand and hold a meal
increase surface area for absorption

25
Q

rugae

A

transient folds in mucosa, allows stomach to expand

mucus produced from it to protect cells from acid

26
Q

body/corpus

A

mixing tank, size dependent on extent of filling. largest section of the stomach

27
Q

pyloric

A

muscular sphincter present to regulate flow fo chyme into small intestine and prevent duodenal contents into stomach

28
Q

esophageal mucosa

A

by cardia, secretes mucu jk doesnt do that

29
Q

where is mucus secreted in non-ruminants

A

esophageal, cardiac gland region, fund gland region

pyloric gland region

30
Q

which stomach is most similar to simple stomach in ruminants

A

ABOMASUM - last stomach

31
Q

reticular groove

A

mucosa form a muscular fold or groove/tube that connects cardia of esophagus to omasum so milk will bypass underdeveloped reticulum/rumen so it won’t sour

32
Q

reticulum

A

honeycomb structure, can get hardware disease, pumps liquid to rumen and regulates outflow of digests to rumen and omasum

33
Q

reticulorumen

A

fermentation vat where ingested feed is fermented by microorganisms, site of chemical digestion
rumen is like a rug
rumen also mechanically/physically digests bc of mixing actions

34
Q

4 Rs of rumination

A

regurgitation, remasticating, reensalivation and reswallowing. done to reduce particle size

35
Q

forage particle size

A

smaller forage is easier to eat more, also influences rumen health, greater particle size means more chewing
lactating cows get larger particle size to increase rumination mixing for saliva secretion, increases milk fat

36
Q

small intestinw

A

most of the digestion
duodenum, jejenum, ileum
pancreas and hepatic bile ent to provide secretions to aid digestive process
jejunum is longest section and site of most digestion and absorption
ileum is extensive mucus secretion

37
Q

large intestine

A

includes cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

wide diameter, species differences on the extent of fermentation

38
Q

large intestine function

A

microbial fermentation and vitamin synthesis in cecum and colon
electrolyte and water absorption
fecal formation
expulsion of shit

39
Q

species differences for LI

A

horses have larger large intestine to maximize fermentation. large capacity

40
Q

salivary gland

A

used for saliva production

41
Q

digestive function of salivary gland

A 
dissolves food to aid taste and start digestion
amylase for starch digestion
mucus forms bolus
buffers acidic foods, protective
thermoregulation
42
Q

pancreas

A 
runs by descending duodenum
endocrine function (makes hormones like insulin)
exocrine function (digestive enzymes, sodium bicarb)
43
Q

liver

A

largest gland in the body , first organ to process blood from GIT, metabolic powerhouse of the body
removal of waste products
synthesis of bile salts

44
Q

gall bladder

A

in all domestic animals except for horses
concentrate and stores bile for fat digestion
bile enters duodenum

ANSC 2340 (13 decks)

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