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Clinical pathology > Digestive III > Flashcards

Digestive III Flashcards

1
Q

Function of small intestine

A

nutrient absorption

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2
Q

Function of large intestine

A

water absorption

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3
Q

intestine disorders

A
  1. secretory function disorders

2. motor function disorders

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4
Q

intestine secretory function disorders

A

maldigestion

malabsorption

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5
Q

intestine motor function disorders

A

hypermotility
hypomotility
ileus
obstruction

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6
Q

clinical manifestations of intestinal disorders

A

tenesmus
colic
constipation
diarrhea

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7
Q

how maldigestion leads to diarhhea

A

because of poor fractioning of cud, there will be bigger macromolecules in the intestinal lumen. This increases the osmotic pressure which increases fluids inside the intestines.

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8
Q

maldigestion etiology in

A 
fatty/proteinous diet
lack of fiber
allergy/intolerance
bad milk substitute in calves
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
liver/kidney problem
DH
anemia
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9
Q

malabsorption

A

lack of nutrients assimilation due to problem in absorption or in intestinal wall nutrient transport

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10
Q

malabsorption etiology

A

maldigestion
intestinal mucosa disorders
intestinal absorption capacity decrease

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11
Q

intestinal mucosa disorders

A 
infections 
parasites
inflammation
neoplasia (lymphoma)
drugs (neomicine)
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12
Q

intestinal absorption capacity disorders

A 
intestinal blood flow deficiency
enterocyte defects
congenital disorders
villus atrophy
endocrinopathy:diabetes, hypothyroidism
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13
Q

malabsorption/maldigestion syndrome due to

A

maldigestion:
-decrease of enzyme levels in enterocytes
malabsorption:
-decrease in small intestine nutrient absorption

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14
Q

symptomatology of malabsorption/maldigestion

A 
abdominal distension
diarrhea
weight loss
anorexia
meteorism (gas in intestine)
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15
Q

indirect clinical signs of malabsorption/maldigestion

A

anemia (fe, folic acid, b12 indeficiency)
bone pain and osteomalacia (loss of Ca and D)
neurologic lesions (b12 and thiamine indeficeny)
bleeding issues (lack of vitamin K)
oedemas (hypoproteinemia)
muscular weakness (hypocalemia and DH)

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16
Q

intestinal hyperperistaltism etiology

A

stress
hyperthyroidism
neurological reasons

17
Q

intenstinal hyperperistaltism leads to

A

diarrhea (no time for water absorption)

18
Q

intestinal hypoperistaltism etiology

A

intestinal obstruction
ileus (spastic or paralytic)
lead poisoning

19
Q

ileus

A

acute fail of intestinal propulsion

20
Q

paralytic ileus

A

intestinal motility loss without obstruction

21
Q

paralytic ileus etiology

A

adynamia or vascular

22
Q

spastic ileus etiology

A

extraluminal
intramural
intraluminal

23
Q

extraluminal ileus etiology

A

adhesions
volvulus/strangled hernia
abscess

24
Q

intramural ileus etiology

A

neoplasia

inflammation

25
Q

intraluminal ileus etiology

A

enteroliths
bezoars
foreign bodies

26
Q

complete small intestinal obstruction leads to

A 
metabolic alkalosis
abdominal distension (vomit and reflux)
dehydration (hypovolumic shock and intestinal mucosa degeneration -> ileus)
27
Q

complete large intestine obstruction leads to

A 
gas distension
fluid accumulation 
fermentation
pain
DH
28
Q

intestinal strangulation leads to

A 
ischaemia
mucosal detachment
endotoxin absorption
pain
fluid accumulation
DH
29
Q

partial intestinal obstruction leads to

A

weight loss
decrease in intestinal movements
diarrhea
less severe signs in comparison with complete obstruction

30
Q

tenesmus

A

sensation of needing to empty the bowel/bladder altough they are empty

31
Q

tenesmus etiology

A

rectal

vesical

32
Q

rectal tenesmus etiology

A

colitis
perianal gland inflammation
large intestine obstruction

33
Q

vesical tenesmus etiology

A

urinary tract disorders

34
Q

colic

A

abdominal pain due to smooth muscle contraction

35
Q

constipation etiology

A 
diet
DH
lack of exercise
mechanical obstruction
neuromuscular disease
painful defecation
36
Q

physiopathological mechanisms of diarrhea

A

osmotic
secretory
intestinal permeability disorders
motor dysfunction (infection)

Clinical pathology (8 decks)

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