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Clinical pathology > Digestive I > Flashcards

Digestive I Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion stages

A 
prehension
insalivation
mastication
swallowing
digestion
absorption
excretion
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2
Q

Prehension

A

food grasping

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3
Q

insalivation

A

mixing food with saliva

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4
Q

mastication

A

chewing with tongue and cheek

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5
Q

swallowing

A

cud moves from mouth to stomach

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6
Q

digestion

A

cud turns into assimilable substances

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7
Q

absorption

A

assimilable substances pass through intestinal villi

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8
Q

excretion

A

non-absorbable substances are removed

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9
Q

functions of the mouth

A

food ingestion (prehension, insalivation, mastication and swallowing)

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10
Q

prehension organ in goats and horses

A

lips

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11
Q

prehension organ in bovines and carnivores

A

tongue

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12
Q

aetiology of prehension disorders

A

inflammation
dental disorders
neoplasia
mandibular trismus (masseter spasms, tetanus)

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13
Q

glossitis

A

infection of the tongue

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14
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips (

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15
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the oral mucosa

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16
Q

faucitis

A

inflammation of the lateral and caudal walls of the mouth

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17
Q

dental disorders

A

periodontal disease
enamel disorders
dental/skeletal maloclusions
abnormal nr of teeth

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18
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation of the connective tissue surrounding the teeth

19
Q

what are the most common tumours causing prehension disorders?

A

dogs:
- malignant melanoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- fibrosarcoma

cats:

  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • fibrosarcoma
20
Q

symptomatology of the prehension disorders?

A

pain-> food falls out of the mouth
reluctance to eat ->hyporexia
-> anorexia
-> weight loss and dehydration

21
Q

mastication disorders

A

improper mincing of the food resulting in decreased surface area for digestive enzyme action

22
Q

mastication disorder etiology

A

gingivitis/stomatitis or periodontal disease

23
Q

signs of mastication disorders

A 
non-digested food in feces
ptyalism (excessive salivation)
halitosis (bad breath)
weight loss and weakness
diarrhea
24
Q

salivary glands

A

zygomatic, sublingual, parotid, mandibular

25
Q

• MUCOCELE OR SIALOCELE

A

saliva accumulation surrounded by granulous tissue

26
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland usually due to sialolith obstruction

27
Q

sialolithiasis

A

stones in salivary glands

28
Q

mucocele signs

A

soft and mobile, non-painful mass

29
Q

sublingual mucocele causes

A

prehension and mastication disorders

30
Q

submandibular mucocele causes

A

dysphagia

31
Q

zygomatic mucocele causes

A

exophthalmos (bulging of the eye and difficulty in opening the jaw)

32
Q

sialodenitis and sialolithiasis signs

A

hard mass

33
Q

xerostomy

A

dry mouth

34
Q

ptyalism

A

pathological increase in saliva production

35
Q

ptyalism etiology

A

direct stimulation of salivary centers or reflex

36
Q

sialorrhea

A

excessive drooling

37
Q

sialorrhea etiology

A

brain disorders (tumors and inflammatory processes)
esophagic ulcers or tumors
swallowing disorders

38
Q

hyposialia

A

decrease in salivary production

39
Q

hyposialia etiology

A

paralysis of parasympathetic branches of X cranial nerve
atropin
severe DH

40
Q

swallowing stages

A

oral (voluntary)
pharyngeal
cricopharyngeal
esophageal

41
Q

dysphagia can be due to

A

structural or functional disturbances

42
Q

structural disturbances

A

foreign bodies
masses (for example, tumors)
pharyngitis

43
Q

muscular disturbances

A 
muscular disorders
myasthenia gravis
megaesophagus
central ns lesions
pain
44
Q

dysphagia signs

A 
repeated attempts to swallow
food falling out of mouth
ptialysm/sialorrhea
regurgitation
even aspiration pneumonia

Clinical pathology (8 decks)

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