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ANP 1107 > Digestion - general > Flashcards

Digestion - general Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main groups of organs and what organs do they include?

A

Alimentary canal
- mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Accessory digestive organ
- teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

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2
Q

What is the structure and function of the alimentary canal?

A

AC - continuous muscular tube from mouth to anus
- digest food, absorbs digested fragment through lining into the bloodstream

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3
Q

What is the structure and function of the accessory digestive organs?

A

all except teeth and tongue are connected to the GI tract
- produce secretory products (saliva, bile, enzymes to aid in the digestion of food)

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4
Q

Why is food in the lumen of the GI tract considered to be outside of the body?

A

none of the food inside the body is absorbed besides the nutrients that is absorbed

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5
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity and what is the main membrane and its function?

A

where most of the organs are
- peritoneum membrane is the most extensive serous membrane which reduces friction

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6
Q

What is the difference between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?

A

VP - covers external surfaces of digestive organs and is continuous with the PP
PP - lines walls of abdominopelvic cavity

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7
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

slitlike space between visceral and parietal peritoneal
- contains fluid secreted by the serous membrane

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8
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

fused double layer of parietal peritoneum
- holds organs in place
- carriers blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves to organ of the GI tracts and contains visceral fat

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9
Q

Types of mesentery - what is the different functions between the dorsal and ventral mesentery?

A

DM - suspends MOST intraperitoneal digestive organs from the body wall
VM - suspends SOME intraperitoneal digestive organ from the body wall

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10
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs and 3 examples?

A

organs located at the back of the abdomen which lack mesenteries
- pancreas
- duodenum
- rectum

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11
Q

What are the 3 causes of peritonitis?

A
  • ulcers
  • poor surgical techniques (introduction of new bacteria)
  • wounds
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12
Q

What is splanchnic circulation?

A

includes arteries that branch off abdominal aorta to serve digestive organs and hepatic portal circulation

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13
Q

What does hepatic portal circulation do?

A

delivers blood from the GI tract, spleen, gallbladder, and pancreas to the liver

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14
Q

What is the difference in the venous return from the abdominopelvic region vs. the digestive viscera?

A

AR - via inferior vena cava
DV - via hepatic portal circulation

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15
Q

Why does some blood from the body (hepatic portal circulation) go to the liver first?

A
  • detoxifies
  • absorbs processed material from GI and sends it to the right tissues
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16
Q

What are the four layers of the GI tracts from outside to inside?

A
  1. serosa
  2. muscularis externa
  3. submucosa
  4. mucosa
17
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the mucosa?

A
  • secretion: mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones
  • absorption: end products of digestion
  • protection: against infection
18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?

A
  • surface epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosae
19
Q

What is the function of the surface epithelium?

A

columnar epi + goblets cells (produce musun) secrete enzymes into stomach and small intestine

20
Q

What is the function of the lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissues with capillaries, isolated lymph nodes, also part of MALT

21
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosae?

A

thin layer of smooth muscle cells responsible for local movement of mucosa and causes folding in the small intestine to increase SA for absorption

22
Q

What does the submucosa contain and what is its function?

A

dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, lymph nodules, nerve fibers
- is highly elastic which allows for stomach to regain shape after large meal

23
Q

What structures does the muscularis externa contain and what is its role and the roles of the sphincters?

A

inner circular layer + outer longitudinal layer which thickens to form sphincters
- mixing, propulsive movements of GI tract
- mediates speed of food entering and is unidirectional to prevent backflow

24
Q

What is the structure and role of the serosa?

A

loose connective tissue covered by single layer of squamous epi cells
- outermost, protective layer = visceral peritoneum

25
Q

What is unique about the membrane of the esophagus?

A

has an adventitia instead of a serosa which binds the esophagus to surrounding tissues

26
Q

What is unique about the membrane of retroperitoneal structures?

A

have both a serosa facing the peritoneal cavity and adventitia on the dorsal body wall

27
Q

What type of epithelium is on the tongue?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

28
Q

What is unique about the epithelium on the gums, hard palate and back of tongue?

A

keratinization to protect against abrasions

29
Q

What is the scientific name for lips and cheeks and what is its function?

A

lips - orbicularis oris
cheeks - buccinators
- hold food in place during chewing and help in speech

30
Q

What is the red margin?

A

the pink of the lips since there is some much blood vessels and no keratinization

31
Q

What mouth structure is not considered in the oral cavity?

A

vestibule

32
Q

What is the difference between the soft and hard palate?

A

HP - underlaid by palatine bones and palatine processes if maxillae,; tongue pushes food against it
SP - mostly skeletal muscles; closes nasopharynx when we swallow

33
Q

What is the function of the palatopharyngeal?

A

arches join soft palate to the tongue and oropharynx

34
Q

What does the tongue form with food?

A

bolus

35
Q

What are the 2 types of skeletal muscles of the tongue?

A

intrinsic - within tongue, not attached to bone, 3 planes which changes shape of tongue in place (tube, clover)
extrinsic - attach bone of skull or soft palate to the tongue

36
Q

What is the function of the lingual frenulum?

A

attaches tongue to floor of the month
- changes/ movement of tongue: up, down, forward, backward

37
Q

What are the 4 types of tastebuds and what are their functions?

A

Filiform papillae: provides friction for manipulating food; no taste buds
- Fungiform papillae
- vallate papillae
- foliate papillae

ANP 1107 (7 decks)

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