Digestion And Enzymes

Question 1

What is an enzyme

Answer 1

An enzyme is a biological catalyst

Question 2

What does a catalyst do

Answer 2

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up or changed

Question 3

Name 3 things the stomach does

Answer 3

1. The stomach contracts it’s muscular walls to mix the food
2. The stomach produces pepsin to break down proteins
3. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria, so it’s the right environment for pepsin

Question 4

In which organs are all digestive enzymes (protease , lipease and amylase)
made

Answer 4

The pancreas and the small intestine

Question 5

What is the definition of denature

Answer 5

When the enzyme goes above its optimum temperature or PH then the active site of the enzyme changes shape so that leads to the substrates to not be able to fit into the active site of the enzyme so then the enzyme can’t speed up the reaction of the substrate

Question 6

Name 3 enzymes

Answer 6

Amylase - (a carbohydrate enzyme ) break down starch into sugar
Protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids
Lipase - break down lipids ( fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

Main roles of bile

Answer 7

1. To neutralise acid from the stomach
2. To emulsify fats

(also bile is made in liver but stored in gall bladder)

Question 8

Describe how the small intestine is adapted

Answer 8

. It has many villi to increase the surface area so that digested food can be absorbed into the bloodstream quicker
.villi only have a single layer of surface cells so that the neutrients only have to diffuse a short distance
. Villi have a very good blood supply to maintain the concentration gradient

Question 9

Where are lipases produced

Answer 9

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 10

Where is Amylase produced

Answer 10

Salivary gland
Pancreas and small intestine

Question 11

Where are proteases produced

Answer 11

Stomach
Small intestine
And pancreas

Question 12

how are carbohydrates digested

Answer 12

Starch is broken down into maltose by amylase and then maltose is broken down into glucose BY maltease

Question 13

describe digestion of lipids and fats

Answer 13

lipease breaks down lipids and fats into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 14

describe what bile is and its importance

Answer 14

Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach. It also emulsifies fats. The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipease , this is also not an enzyme